# US 12,180,815 B1 · Identifying hydrogen sweet spots in subsurface formations > Agents: this data is available as JSON from the patentgrep API and MCP server — see https://patentgrep.com/llms.txt - Number: US 12,180,815 B1 - Document ID: US12180815B1 - Status: Granted - Kind: B1 - Application number: 18/664,641 - Filed: 2024-05-15 - Granted: 2024-12-31 - Earliest claimed: 2024-05-15 - Assignees: Saudi Arabian Oil Company - Applicants: Saudi Arabian Oil Company - Inventors: Pan Luo; Ibrahim Alfraih; Peng Lu; Harald Karg - Web page: https://patentgrep.com/patent/US12180815B1 ## CPC - E21B 43/243: Combustion in situ - E21B 49/087: {Well testing, e.g. testing for reservoir productivity or formation parameters} - E21B: EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS ## Abstract Systems and methods for identifying natural hydrogen sweet spots in a subsurface formation include obtaining rock samples from the subsurface formation; performing pyrolysis of the rock samples to determine an amount of hydrogen generated in the rock samples; determining kinetic parameters based on the performed pyrolysis and a thermal history of the subsurface formation; simulating hydrogen generation in the subsurface formation based on the determined kinetic parameters and the thermal history to predict target maturity data for hydrogen richness in the subsurface formation; measuring total organic content and rock sample maturity data for the rock samples; and identifying hydrogen sweet spots in the subsurface formation based on the target maturity data, the total organic content, and the measured rock sample maturity data. ## Claims ### Claim 1 A method for identifying natural hydrogen sweet spots in a subsurface formation, the method comprising: obtaining rock samples from the subsurface formation; performing pyrolysis of the rock samples to determine an amount of hydrogen generated in the rock samples; determining kinetic parameters based on the performed pyrolysis and a thermal history of the subsurface formation; simulating hydrogen generation in the subsurface formation based on the determined kinetic parameters and the thermal history to predict target maturity data for hydrogen richness in the subsurface formation; measuring total organic content and rock sample maturity data for the rock samples; and identifying hydrogen sweet spots in the subsurface formation based on the target maturity data, the total organic content, and the measured rock sample maturity data. ### Claim 2 (depends on 1) The method of claim 1, further comprising in response to identifying hydrogen sweet spots, drilling one or more wells in the subsurface formation to access the hydrogen sweet spots. ### Claim 3 (depends on 2) The method of claim 2, further comprising controlling production equipment to produce hydrogen from the one or more wells. ### Claim 4 (depends on 2) The method of claim 2, further comprising measuring thermal maturity of cuttings or core samples taken from the one or more wells to validate the identified hydrogen sweet spots. ### Claim 5 (depends on 1) The method of claim 1, wherein the subsurface formation comprises an organic rich shale formation or a coal formation. ### Claim 6 (depends on 1) The method of claim 1, further comprising converting the target maturity data to temperature and depth data. ### Claim 7 (depends on 1) The method of claim 1, wherein simulating the hydrogen generation comprises applying a geological heating rate or thermal history to a basin model including the kinetic parameters to provide generation rate data, timing data, and yield data for oil, hydrocarbon gases, and hydrogen in the subsurface formation. ### Claim 8 (depends on 7) The method of claim 7, wherein identifying hydrogen sweet spots comprises identifying regions of the subsurface formation having a higher generation rate of hydrogen than generation rates of ethane and methane. ### Claim 9 (depends on 1) The method of claim 1, wherein simulating hydrogen generation comprises determining thermal maturity data for the subsurface formation, and wherein the target maturity data comprises vitrinite reflectance data for effective hydrogen generation, dominant hydrogen generation, and peak hydrogen generation. ### Claim 10 (depends on 1) The method of claim 1, further comprising determining a hydrogen resource potential in the subsurface formation based on the simulated hydrogen generation, the total organic content, and a volumetric estimation of the identified hydrogen sweet spots in the subsurface formation. ### Claim 11 A system for identifying natural hydrogen sweet spots in a subsurface formation, the system comprising: at least one processor; and a memory storing instructions that, when executed by the at least one processor, cause the at least one processor to perform operations comprising: performing pyrolysis of rock samples to determine an amount of hydrogen generated in the rock samples; determining kinetic parameters based on the performed pyrolysis and a thermal history of the subsurface formation; simulating hydrogen generation in the subsurface formation based on the determined kinetic parameters to predict target maturity data for hydrogen richness in the subsurface formation; measuring total organic content and rock sample maturity data for the rock samples; and identifying hydrogen sweet spots in the subsurface formation based on the target maturity data, the total organic content, and the measured rock sample maturity data. ### Claim 12 (depends on 11) The system of claim 11, wherein the operations further comprise in response to identifying hydrogen sweet spots, drilling one or more wells in the subsurface formation to access the hydrogen sweet spots. ### Claim 13 (depends on 12) The system of claim 12, wherein the operations further comprise controlling production equipment to produce hydrogen from the one or more wells. ### Claim 14 (depends on 12) The system of claim 12, wherein the operations further comprise measuring thermal maturity of cuttings or core samples taken from the one or more wells to validate the identified hydrogen sweet spots. ### Claim 15 (depends on 11) The system of claim 11, wherein the subsurface formation comprises an organic rich shale formation or a coal formation. ### Claim 16 (depends on 11) The system of claim 11, wherein the operations further comprise converting the target maturity data to temperature and depth data. ### Claim 17 (depends on 11) The system of claim 11, wherein simulating the hydrogen generation comprises applying a geological heating rate or thermal history to a basin model including the kinetic parameters to provide generation rate data, timing data, and yield data for oil, hydrocarbon gases, and hydrogen in the subsurface formation. ### Claim 18 (depends on 17) The system of claim 17, wherein identifying hydrogen sweet spots comprises identifying regions of the subsurface formation having a higher generation rate of hydrogen than generation rates of ethane and methane. ### Claim 19 (depends on 11) The system of claim 11, wherein simulating hydrogen generation comprises determining thermal maturity data for the subsurface formation, and wherein the target maturity data comprises vitrinite reflectance data for effective hydrogen generation, dominant hydrogen generation, and peak hydrogen generation. ### Claim 20 (depends on 11) The system of claim 11, wherein the operations further comprise determining a hydrogen resource potential in the subsurface formation based on the simulated hydrogen generation, the total organic content, and a volumetric estimation of the identified hydrogen sweet spots in the subsurface formation. ### Claim 21 A method for identifying natural hydrogen sweet spots in a subsurface formation, the method comprising: obtaining pyrolysis data from pyrolysis of rock samples performed to determine an amount of hydrogen generated in the rock samples; determining kinetic parameters based on the pyrolysis data and a thermal history of the subsurface formation; simulating hydrogen generation in the subsurface formation based on the determined kinetic parameters and the thermal history to predict target maturity data for hydrogen richness in the subsurface formation; obtaining total organic content and rock sample maturity data for the rock samples; and identifying hydrogen sweet spots in the subsurface formation based on the target maturity data, the total organic content, and the rock sample maturity data.