# US 12,179,630 B2 · Degraded state estimation apparatus for battery

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- Number: US 12,179,630 B2
- Document ID: US12179630B2
- Status: Granted
- Kind: B2
- Application number: 17/726,680
- Filed: 2022-04-22
- Published: 2022-11-24
- Granted: 2024-12-31
- Earliest claimed: 2021-05-24
- Assignees: Subaru Corporation
- Applicants: Subaru Corporation
- Inventors: Yusuke Okubo; Takahiro Ueki; Tatsuya Ishibashi; Isao Tsukui
- Web page: https://patentgrep.com/patent/US12179630B2

## CPC

- B60L 58/16: responding to battery ageing, e.g. to the number of charging cycles or the state of health [SoH]
- B60L 3/0046: {relating to electric energy storage systems, e.g. batteries or capacitors}
- B60L 58/12: responding to state of charge [SoC]
- G01R 31/367: Software therefor, e.g. for battery testing using modelling or look-up tables
- G01R 31/392: Determining battery ageing or deterioration, e.g. state of health
- B60L 2240/545: Temperature
- B60L 2260/42: by adaptive correction
- Y02E 60/10: Energy storage using batteries
- B60L: PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES (arrangements or mounting of electrical propulsion units or of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion in vehicles B60K1/00, B60K6/20; arrangements or mounting of electrical gearing in vehicles B60K17/12, B60K17/14; preventing wheel slip by reducing power in rail vehicles B61C15/08; dynamo-electric machines H02K; control or regulation of electric motors H02P); SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES (electric coupling devices combined with mechanical couplings of vehicles B60D1/64; electric heating for vehicles B60H1/00); ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL (control or regulation of electric motors H02P); MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
- G01R: MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES (indicating correct tuning of resonant circuits H03J3/12)
- Y02E: REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION

## Abstract

A degraded state estimation apparatus configured to estimate a degraded state of a battery mounted on a vehicle includes a detector, a storage, and an estimation processor. The detector detects state quantities including first, second, and third state quantities. The storage holds a maps of data including first and second maps of data. The first map of data indicates a degree of degradation of the battery based on the first and second state quantities. The second map of data indicates the degree of the degradation based on the second and third state quantities. The estimation processor estimates an amount of change in the degradation of the battery on the basis of the state quantities detected repetitively by the detector, the maps of data, and weighting coefficients each of which weights the degree of the degradation indicated by a corresponding one of the maps of data.

## Claims

### Claim 1

A degraded state estimation apparatus for a battery mounted on a vehicle, the degraded state estimation apparatus being configured to estimate a degraded state of the battery for travel of the vehicle, the degraded state estimation apparatus comprising:
a detector configured to detect a first state quantity, a second state quantity, and a third state quantity, each of which corresponds to either current of the battery, voltage of the battery, or temperature of the battery;
a storage configured to hold (1) a first map including first degrees of degradation of the battery, one of which is selected by the detected first state quantity and second state quantity, and (2) a second map including second degrees of the degradation of the battery, one of which is selected by the detected second state quantity and third state quantity; and
an estimation processor configured to:
obtain ones of the first degrees of the degradation obtained from the first map in response to the detector repeatedly detecting the first state quantity and the second state quantity, and obtain ones of the second degrees of the degradation obtained from the second map in response to the detector repeatedly detecting the second state quantity and the third state quantity;
obtain a first integrated value of the ones of the first degrees of the degradation obtained from the first map, and obtain a second integrated value of the ones of the second degrees of the degradation obtained from the second map;
weight the first integrated value based on a first weighting coefficient, and weight the second integrated value based on a second weighting coefficient; and
estimate an amount of change in the degradation of the battery based on the weighted first integrated value and the weighted second integrated value.

### Claim 2 (depends on 1)

The degraded state estimation apparatus for the battery according to claim 1, wherein the estimation processor is configured to:
acquire a measured value of an amount of the degradation of the battery on an occasion of charge of the battery; and
calculate coefficient solutions based on a difference between a previously acquired measured value and a currently acquired measured value, and the first and second integrated values, and
in estimating the amount of change in the degradation, estimate, based on the coefficient solutions previously calculated, the first and second weighting coefficients to be used to estimate the amount of change in the degradation.

### Claim 3 (depends on 2)

The degraded state estimation apparatus for the battery according to claim 2, wherein
the estimation processor is configured to estimate the weighting coefficients to be used to estimate the amount of change in the degradation, on a basis of sets of the coefficient solutions, and
the sets of the coefficient solutions include two or more sets out of: sets of the coefficient solutions calculated on a plurality of occasions on a basis of measured values acquired on a plurality of previous occasions; and sets of the coefficient solutions calculated by another vehicle on a plurality of occasions on a basis of the measured values acquired on a plurality of previous occasions.

### Claim 4 (depends on 3)

The degraded state estimation apparatus for the battery according to claim 3, wherein
the storage is further configured to hold a third map including third degrees of the degradation of the battery, one of which is selected by the detected third state quantity and the detected first state quantity, and
the estimation processor is further configured to:
obtain ones of the third degrees of the degradation from the third map in response to the detector repeatedly detecting the third state quantity and the first state quantity;
obtain a third integrated value of the ones of the third degrees of the degradation obtained from the third map;
weight the third integrated value based on a third weighting coefficient; and
estimate the amount of change in the degradation of the battery based on the weighted first integrated value, the weighted second integrated value, and the weighted third integrated value.

### Claim 5 (depends on 3)

The degraded state estimation apparatus for the battery according to claim 3, wherein
the storage is further configured to hold a third map including third degrees of the degradation of the battery, one of which is selected by the detected third state quantity and the detected first state quantity, and
the estimation processor is further configured to:
obtain ones of the third degrees of the degradation from the third map in response to the detector repeatedly detecting the third state quantity and the first state quantity;
obtain a third integrated value of the ones of the third degrees of the degradation obtained from the third map;
weight the third integrated value based on a third weighting coefficient; and
estimate the amount of change in the degradation of the battery based on the weighted first integrated value, the weighted second integrated value, and the weighted third integrated value.

### Claim 6 (depends on 1)

The degraded state estimation apparatus for the battery according to claim 1, wherein
the storage is further configured to hold a third map including third degrees of the degradation of the battery, one of which is selected by the detected third state quantity and the detected first state quantity, and
the estimation processor is further configured to:
obtain ones of the third degrees of the degradation from the third map in response to the detector repeatedly detecting the third state quantity and the first state quantity;
obtain a third integrated value of the ones of the third degrees of the degradation obtained from the third map;
weight the third integrated value based on a third weighting coefficient; and
estimate the amount of change in the degradation of the battery based on the weighted first integrated value, the weighted second integrated value, and the weighted third integrated value.

### Claim 7

A degraded state estimation apparatus for a battery mounted on a vehicle, the degraded state estimation apparatus being configured to estimate a degraded state of the battery for travel of the vehicle, the degraded state estimation apparatus comprising:
a detector configured to detect a first state quantity, a second state quantity, and a third state quantity, each of which corresponds to either current of the battery, voltage of the battery, or temperature of the battery;
a storage configured to hold (1) a first map including first degrees of degradation of the battery, one of which is selected by the detected first state quantity and second state quantity, and (2) a second map including second degrees of the degradation of the battery, one of which is selected by the detected second state quantity and third state quantity; and
circuitry configured to:
obtain ones of the first degrees of the degradation obtained from the first map in response to the detector repeatedly detecting the first state quantity and the second state quantity, and obtain ones of the second degrees of the degradation obtained from the second map in response to the detector repeatedly detecting the second state quantity and the third state quantity;
obtain a first integrated value of the ones of the first degrees of the degradation obtained from the first map, and obtain a second integrated value of the ones of the second degrees of the degradation obtained from the second map;
weight the first integrated value based on a first weighting coefficient, and weight the second integrated value based on a second weighting coefficient; and
estimate an amount of change in the degradation of the battery based on the weighted first integrated value and the weighted second integrated value, wherein.

### Claim 8

A degraded state estimation apparatus for a battery mounted on a vehicle, the degraded state estimation apparatus being configured to estimate a degraded state of the battery for travel of the vehicle, the degraded state estimation apparatus comprising:
a voltage sensor configured to detect voltage of the battery;
a current sensor configured to detect current of the battery;
a temperature sensor configured to detect temperature of the battery;
a storage configured to hold (1) a first map indicating first degrees of degradation of the battery per a predetermined time, one of which is selected by the detected voltage and the detected current of the battery, (2) a second map indicating second degrees of degradation of the battery per the predetermined time, one of which is selected by the detected current and the detected temperature of the battery, and (3) a third map indicating third degrees of degradation of the battery per the predetermined time, one of which is selected by the detected voltage and the detected temperature of the battery; and
circuitry configured to:
execute, from a first timing to a second timing, an obtaining process every the predetermined time, wherein a period of time between the first timing and the second timing is longer than the predetermined time, and wherein, in the obtaining process, the circuitry is configured to (1) obtain one of the first degrees of the degradation from the first map based on latest detected voltage and latest detected current of the battery, (2) obtain one of the second degrees of the degradation from the second map based on latest detected current and latest detected temperature of the battery, and (3) obtain one of the third degrees of the degradation from the third map based on latest detected voltage and latest detected temperature of the battery;
calculate, after the second timing, (1) a first integrated value by integrating the first degrees of the degradation obtained by executing the obtaining process from the first timing to the second timing, (2) a second integrated value by integrating the second degrees of the degradation obtained by executing the obtaining process from the first timing to the second timing, and (3) a third integrated value by integrating the third degrees of the degradation obtained by executing the obtaining process from the first timing to the second timing;
weight the first integrated value based on a first weighting coefficient, weight the second integrated value based on a second weighting coefficient, and weight the third integrated value based on a third weighting coefficient; and
calculate an amount of change in the degradation of the battery from the first timing to the second timing by adding the weighted first integrated value, the weighted second integrated value and the weighted third integrated value.

### Claim 9 (depends on 8)

The degraded state estimation apparatus for the battery according to claim 8, wherein the circuitry is configured to:
acquire a measured value of an amount of the degradation of the battery when the battery is being charged via a plug-in; and
calculate coefficient solutions based on a difference between a previously acquired measured value and a currently acquired measured value, and the first, second and third integrated values, and
in calculating the amount of change in the degradation, calculate, based on the coefficient solutions previously calculated, the first, second and third weighting coefficients to be used to estimate the amount of change in the degradation.