# US 12,179,610 B2 · Systems and methods for single channel fault encoding for inverter for electric vehicle > Agents: this data is available as JSON from the patentgrep API and MCP server — see https://patentgrep.com/llms.txt - Number: US 12,179,610 B2 - Document ID: US12179610B2 - Status: Granted - Kind: B2 - Application number: 18/063,381 - Filed: 2022-12-08 - Published: 2024-03-28 - Granted: 2024-12-31 - Earliest claimed: 2022-09-28 - Assignees: Borg Warner US Technologies LLC - Applicants: BorgWarner US Technologies LLC - Inventors: Marc R. Engelhardt; Jack Lavern Glenn; Peter Allan Laubenstein - Web page: https://patentgrep.com/patent/US12179610B2 ## CPC - H05K 7/20436: {Inner thermal coupling elements in heat dissipating housings, e.g. protrusions or depressions integrally formed in the housing} - B60L 3/0084: {relating to control modules} - G01R 31/006: {on road vehicles, e.g. automobiles or trucks (testing of ignition installations peculiar to internal combustion engines F02P17/00)} - G01R 31/2621: {for testing field effect transistors, i.e. FET's} - G01R 31/27: Testing of devices without physical removal from the circuit of which they form part, e.g. compensating for effects surrounding elements {(testing printed circuit boards G01R31/2801)} - G01R 31/42: AC power supplies - G01R 31/52: Testing for short-circuits, leakage current or ground faults - H02M 1/0048: {Circuits or arrangements for reducing losses (using snubbers H02M1/34)} - H02M 1/0054: {Transistor switching losses (periodically suspending operation of switching converter in low power mode H02M1/0035)} - H02M 1/327: {against abnormal temperatures} - H02M 1/36: Means for starting or stopping converters - H02M 1/38: Means for preventing simultaneous conduction of switches - H02M 7/48: using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode - H02M 7/539: with automatic control of output wave form or frequency (H02M7/5375 - H02M7/5387 take precedence) - H02P 27/08: with pulse width modulation - H02P 29/0241: {the fault being an overvoltage} - H02P 29/0243: {the fault being a broken phase} - H02P 29/025: {the fault being a power interruption} - H02P 29/026: {the fault being a power fluctuation} - H03F 1/26: Modifications of amplifiers to reduce influence of noise generated by amplifying elements - H03K 5/1252: Suppression or limitation of noise or interference (specially adapted for transmission systems H04B15/00, H04L25/08) - H03K 17/08104: {in field-effect transistor switches (H03K17/0812, H03K17/0814 take precedence)} - H03K 17/08116: {in composite switches (H03K17/0812, H03K17/0814 take precedence)} - H03K 17/08122: {in field-effect transistor switches} - H03K 17/0822: {in field-effect transistor switches} - H03K 17/12: Modifications for increasing the maximum permissible switched current - H03K 17/122: {in field-effect transistor switches} - H03K 17/162: {without feedback from the output circuit to the control circuit} - H03K 17/164: {using parallel switching arrangements} - H03K 17/165: {by feedback from the output circuit to the control circuit} - H03K 17/167: {using parallel switching arrangements} - H03K 17/18: Modifications for indicating state of switch - H03K 17/284: in field effect transistor switches - H03K 17/689: with galvanic isolation between the control circuit and the output circuit (H03K17/78 takes precedence) - H03K 17/722: with galvanic isolation between the control circuit and the output circuit (H03K17/78 takes precedence) - H03K 17/723: using transformer coupling - H04L 25/0266: {Arrangements for providing Galvanic isolation, e.g. by means of magnetic or capacitive coupling} - H04L 25/03834: {using pulse shaping} - H04L 25/4902: {Pulse width modulation; Pulse position modulation} - H05K 7/14329: {specially adapted for the configuration of power bus bars} - H05K 7/20154: {Heat dissipaters coupled to components} - H05K 7/20254: {Cold plates transferring heat from heat source to coolant} - H05K 7/2049: {Pressing means used to urge contact, e.g. springs} - H05K 7/20854: {Heat transfer by conduction from internal heat source to heat radiating structure (H05K7/20863 takes precedence)} - H05K 7/209: {Heat transfer by conduction from internal heat source to heat radiating structure (H05K7/20909 takes precedence)} - H05K 7/20927: {Liquid coolant without phase change} - H10W 40/037: {Assembling together parts thereof} - H10W 40/22: characterised by their shape, e.g. having conical or cylindrical projections - H10W 40/255: {having a laminate or multilayered structure, e.g. direct bond copper [DBC] ceramic substrates} - H10W 40/43: by flowing gases, e.g. forced air cooling - H10W 40/611: {Bolts or screws} - H10W 40/641: {Snap-on arrangements, e.g. clips} - H10W 40/778: {in encapsulations} - H10W 44/501: {Inductive arrangements (H10W44/20 takes precedence)} - H10W 70/481: {for devices being provided for in groups H10D8/00 - H10D48/00} - H10W 70/611: {for connecting multiple chips together} - H10W 70/65: Shapes or dispositions of interconnections - H10W 90/00: Package configurations - H10W 90/401: {characterised by multiple insulating or insulated package substrates, interposers or RDLs} - H10W 90/701: {characterised by the relative positions of pads or connectors relative to package parts} - B60L 3/003: {relating to inverters} - B60L 15/007: {Physical arrangements or structures of drive train converters specially adapted for the propulsion motors of electric vehicles} - B60L 15/08: using pulses - B60L 15/20: for control of the vehicle or its driving motor to achieve a desired performance, e.g. speed, torque, programmed variation of speed - B60L 50/40: using propulsion power supplied by capacitors - B60L 50/51: characterised by AC-motors - B60L 50/60: using power supplied by batteries (in combination with fuel cells B60L50/75) - B60L 50/64: Constructional details of batteries specially adapted for electric vehicles - B60L 53/20: characterised by converters located in the vehicle - B60L 53/22: Constructional details or arrangements of charging converters specially adapted for charging electric vehicles - B60L 53/62: in response to charging parameters, e.g. current, voltage or electrical charge - B60L 2210/30: AC to DC converters - B60L 2210/40: DC to AC converters - B60L 2210/42: Voltage source inverters - B60L 2210/44: Current source inverters - B60L 2240/36: Temperature of vehicle components or parts - B60L 2240/525: Temperature of converter or components thereof - B60L 2240/526: Operating parameters - B60L 2240/527: Voltage - B60L 2240/529: Current - B60R 16/02: electric {constitutive elements} - G01R 15/20: using galvano-magnetic devices, e.g. Hall-effect devices {, i.e. measuring a magnetic field via the interaction between a current and a magnetic field, e.g. magneto resistive or Hall effect devices} - G06F 1/08: Clock generators with changeable or programmable clock frequency - G06F 13/4004: {Coupling between buses} - G06F 2213/40: Bus coupling - H02J 7/855: {with circuits adapted for supplying loads from the battery} - H02J 2207/20: Charging or discharging characterised by the power electronics converter - H02M 1/0009: {Devices or circuits for detecting current in a converter} - H02M 1/08: Circuits specially adapted for the generation of control voltages for semiconductor devices incorporated in static converters - H02M 1/084: using a control circuit common to several phases of a multi-phase system - H02M 1/088: for the simultaneous control of series or parallel connected semiconductor devices - H02M 1/123: {Suppression of common mode voltage or current} - H02M 1/32: Means for protecting converters other than automatic disconnection - H02M 1/322: {Means for rapidly discharging a capacitor of the converter for protecting electrical components or for preventing electrical shock} - H02M 1/4258: {using a single converter stage both for correction of AC input power factor and generation of a regulated and galvanically isolated DC output voltage (H02M1/4241 takes precedence)} - H02M 1/44: Circuits or arrangements for compensating for electromagnetic interference in converters or inverters - H02M 3/003: {Constructional details, e.g. physical layout, assembly, wiring or busbar connections} - H02M 3/33523: {with galvanic isolation between input and output of both the power stage and the feedback loop} - H02M 7/003: {Constructional details, e.g. physical layout, assembly, wiring or busbar connections} - H02M 7/537: using semiconductor devices only, e.g. single switched pulse inverters - H02M 7/5387: in a bridge configuration - H02M 7/53871: {with automatic control of output voltage or current} - H02M 7/53875: {with analogue control of three-phase output} - H02M 7/5395: by pulse-width modulation - H02P 27/06: using DC to AC converters or inverters (H02P27/05 takes precedence) - H02P 27/085: {wherein the PWM mode is adapted on the running conditions of the motor, e.g. the switching frequency} - H02P 29/024: Detecting a fault condition, e.g. short circuit, locked rotor, open circuit or loss of load - H02P 29/027: {the fault being an over-current} - H02P 29/68: based on the temperature of a drive component or a semiconductor component - H02P 2207/05: Synchronous machines, e.g. with permanent magnets or DC excitation - H03F 2200/168: Two amplifying stages are coupled by means of a filter circuit - H03K 19/20: characterised by logic function, e.g. AND, OR, NOR, NOT circuits (H03K19/003 - H03K19/01 take precedence) - H03K 2017/0806: {against excessive temperature} - H03K 2217/0063: High side switches, i.e. the higher potential [DC] or life wire [AC] being directly connected to the switch and not via the load - H03K 2217/0072: Low side switches, i.e. the lower potential [DC] or neutral wire [AC] being directly connected to the switch and not via the load - H05K 1/145: {Arrangements wherein electric components are disposed between and simultaneously connected to two planar printed circuit boards, e.g. Cordwood modules} - H05K 1/181: associated with surface mounted components - H05K 1/182: associated with components mounted in printed circuit boards [PCB], e.g. insert-mounted components [IMC] - H05K 5/0247: {Electrical details of casings, e.g. terminals, passages for cables or wiring} - H05K 7/2039: {characterised by the heat transfer by conduction from the heat generating element to a dissipating body (arrangements for increasing/decreasing heat-transfer, e.g. fins details, F28F13/00)} - H05K 2201/042: Stacked spaced PCBs; Planar parts of folded flexible circuits having mounted components in between or spaced from each other - H05K 2201/10166: Transistor - H10D 64/018: {Spacers formed inside holes at the prospective gate locations, e.g. holes left by removing dummy gates} - H10W 40/226: {characterised by projecting parts, e.g. fins to increase surface area (leadframes for cooling H10W70/461)} - H10W 40/228: {the projecting parts being wire-shaped or pin-shaped} - H10W 40/235: {attached to package parts} - H10W 40/47: by flowing liquids, e.g. forced water cooling - H10W 40/60: Securing means for detachable heating or cooling arrangements, e.g. clamps - H10W 70/685: comprising multiple insulating layers - H10W 70/692: Ceramics or glasses - H10W 72/00: Interconnections or connectors in packages - H10W 72/07231: {Techniques} - H10W 72/07331: {Connecting techniques} - H10W 72/07354: {changes in dispositions} - H10W 72/30: Die-attach connectors - H10W 72/347: {Dispositions of multiple die-attach connectors} - H10W 76/138: having another interconnection being formed by a cover plate parallel to the conductive base, e.g. sandwich type - H10W 90/734: {between a chip and a stacked insulating package substrate, interposer or RDL} - H10W 90/736: {between a chip and a stacked lead frame, conducting package substrate or heat sink} - H05K: PRINTED CIRCUITS; CASINGS OR CONSTRUCTIONAL DETAILS OF ELECTRIC APPARATUS; MANUFACTURE OF ASSEMBLAGES OF ELECTRICAL COMPONENTS - B60L: PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES (arrangements or mounting of electrical propulsion units or of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion in vehicles B60K1/00, B60K6/20; arrangements or mounting of electrical gearing in vehicles B60K17/12, B60K17/14; preventing wheel slip by reducing power in rail vehicles B61C15/08; dynamo-electric machines H02K; control or regulation of electric motors H02P); SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES (electric coupling devices combined with mechanical couplings of vehicles B60D1/64; electric heating for vehicles B60H1/00); ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL (control or regulation of electric motors H02P); MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES - G01R: MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES (indicating correct tuning of resonant circuits H03J3/12) - H02M: APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF (transformers H01F; dynamo-electric converters H02K47/00; controlling transformers, reactors or choke coils, control or regulation of electric motors, generators or dynamo-electric converters H02P) - H02P: CONTROL OR REGULATION OF ELECTRIC MOTORS, ELECTRIC GENERATORS OR DYNAMO-ELECTRIC CONVERTERS; CONTROLLING TRANSFORMERS, REACTORS OR CHOKE COILS - H03F: AMPLIFIERS - H03K: PULSE TECHNIQUE (measuring pulse characteristics G01R; modulating sinusoidal oscillations with pulses H03C; transmission of digital information H04L; discriminator circuits detecting phase difference between two signals by counting or integrating cycles of oscillation H03D3/04; automatic control, starting, synchronisation or stabilisation of generators of electronic oscillations or pulses where the type of generator is irrelevant or unspecified H03L; coding, decoding or code conversion, in general H03M) - H04L: TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION (arrangements common to telegraphic and telephonic communication H04M) - H10W: GENERIC PACKAGES, INTERCONNECTIONS, CONNECTORS OR OTHER CONSTRUCTIONAL DETAILS OF DEVICES COVERED BY CLASS H10 - B60R: VEHICLES, VEHICLE FITTINGS, OR VEHICLE PARTS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR - G06F: ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING (computer systems based on specific computational models G06N) - H02J: ELECTRIC POWER NETWORKS; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY - H10D: INORGANIC ELECTRIC SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES ## Abstract A system comprises: an inverter configured to convert DC power from a battery to AC power to drive a motor, wherein the inverter includes: a point-of-use controller configured to: detect a fault; determine a fault type of the detected fault from among n fault types; determine a fault response group to which the determined fault type belongs from among m fault response groups; encode the determined fault response group; and transmit the encoded fault response group via a communication interface; and a phase controller configured to: receive the encoded fault response group from the point-of-use controller via the communication interface; determine the fault response group; decode the determined fault response group; and output the decoded fault response group. ## Claims ### Claim 1 A system comprising: an inverter configured to convert DC power from a battery to AC power to drive a motor, wherein the inverter includes: a point-of-use controller configured to: detect a fault; determine a fault type of the detected fault from among n fault types; determine a fault response group to which the determined fault type belongs from among m fault response groups; encode the determined fault response group; and transmit the encoded fault response group via a communication interface; and a phase controller configured to: receive the encoded fault response group from the point-of-use controller via the communication interface; determine the fault response group; decode the determined fault response group; and output the decoded fault response group. ### Claim 2 (depends on 1) The system of claim 1, wherein m