# US 12,179,382 B2 · Process for energy-pulse-induced transfer printing > Agents: this data is available as JSON from the patentgrep API and MCP server — see https://patentgrep.com/llms.txt - Number: US 12,179,382 B2 - Document ID: US12179382B2 - Status: Granted - Kind: B2 - Application number: 18/306,430 - Filed: 2023-04-25 - Published: 2023-08-17 - Granted: 2024-12-31 - Earliest claimed: 2018-11-29 - Assignees: Ivoclar Vivadent AG; IO Tech Group Ltd. - Applicants: Ivoclar Vivadent AG; IO Tech Group Ltd. - Inventors: Lorenz Josef Bonderer; Jürgen Rudolf Laubersheimer; Wolfgang Josef Wachter; Michael Zenou - Web page: https://patentgrep.com/patent/US12179382B2 ## CPC - B28B 1/001: {Rapid manufacturing of 3D objects by additive depositing, agglomerating or laminating of material (selective deposition modelling of metallic powder B22F10/00; rapid manufacturing of 3D objects in general and in particular of plastics B29C64/00)} - B28B 11/243: {Setting, e.g. drying, dehydrating or firing ceramic articles (B28B11/242 takes precedence)} - B29C 64/165: using a combination of solid and fluid materials, e.g. a powder selectively bound by a liquid binder, catalyst, inhibitor or energy absorber - B33Y 10/00: Processes of additive manufacturing - B33Y 30/00: Apparatus for additive manufacturing; Details thereof or accessories therefor - B33Y 40/00: Auxiliary operations or equipment, e.g. for material handling - B33Y 70/00: Materials specially adapted for additive manufacturing - C08K 3/04: Carbon - C08K 5/3465: condensed with carbocyclic rings - C08L 71/02: Polyalkylene oxides - C08L 91/06: Waxes - B29K 2509/02: Ceramics - Y02P 10/25: Process efficiency - B28B: SHAPING CLAY OR OTHER CERAMIC COMPOSITIONS; SHAPING SLAG; SHAPING MIXTURES CONTAINING CEMENTITIOUS MATERIAL, e.g. PLASTER (foundry moulding B22C; working stone or stone-like material B28D; shaping of substances in a plastic state, in general B29C; making layered products not composed wholly of these substances B32B) - B29C: SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING (making preforms B29B11/00; making laminated products by combining previously unconnected layers which become one product whose layers will remain together B32B37/00 - B32B41/00) - B33Y: ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING - C08K: Use of inorganic or non-macromolecular organic substances as compounding ingredients (paints, inks, varnishes, dyes, polishes, adhesives C09) - C08L: COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS (compositions based on polymerisable monomers C08F, C08G; artificial filaments or fibres D01F; textile treating compositions D06) - B29K: INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES B29B, B29C OR B29D, RELATING TO MOULDING MATERIALS OR TO MATERIALS FOR {MOULDS, } REINFORCEMENTS, FILLERS OR PREFORMED PARTS, e.g. INSERTS - Y02P: CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS ## Abstract A material for use as support material for energy-pulse-induced transfer printing, which contains (a) at least one energy transformation component, (b) at least one volume expansion component and (c) at least one binder and which has a viscosity at 25° C. of from 0.2 Pas to 1000 Pas and a surface tension at 25° C. of from 20 to 150 mN/m. The invention furthermore relates to a process for producing three-dimensional objects using the support material. ## Claims ### Claim 1 A process for the additive manufacture of three-dimensional objects, comprising the following steps: (1) laminar application of a support/construction material to a carrier in a defined layer thickness, (2) transfer of a portion of the support/construction material from the carrier substrate (donor) onto a receiver substrate (acceptor) by a local, site-selective input of an energy pulse, (3) solidification of the support/construction material on the receiver substrate, (4) repetition of steps (1)-(3) until the desired object has been constructed, (5) optionally removal of the support material and/or cleaning of the object, wherein the support material comprises 0.05 to 30 wt.-% of at least one energy transformation component (a), which comprises an inorganic or organic dye or a pigment, 5 to 60 wt.-% of at least one volume expansion component (b), which comprises a substance with a boiling point of from 95 to 200° C., 35 to 94.95 wt.-% of at least one binder (c), which comprises a polymer, wax and/or a non-ionic surfactant, wherein the polymer, wax and/or non-ionic surfactant is solid at <40° C., in each case relative to the total mass of the material, and wherein the material has a viscosity at 25° C. of from 0.2 Pas to 1000 Pas and a surface tension at 25° C. of from 20 to 150 mN/m. ### Claim 2 (depends on 1) The process according to claim 1, wherein the object is smoothed following step (3). ### Claim 3 (depends on 1) The process according to claim 1, wherein the support/construction material is smoothed following step (3) with a roller, blade, burr and/or a wiper. ### Claim 4 (depends on 1) The process according to claim 1, wherein, in step (2), one or more layers of support material are applied to the receiver substrate and then a construction material is deposited/applied onto or into the previously deposited layers of the support material. ### Claim 5 (depends on 1) The process according to claim 1, wherein a polymer film, a glass carrier, a carrier made of a non-metallic, inorganic, non-porous material, a metallic carrier or a ceramic carrier is used as carrier in step (1) and/or receiver substrate in step (2). ### Claim 6 (depends on 1) The process according to claim 1, wherein the energy input in step (2) is effected via the side of the carrier substrate facing away from the support material. ### Claim 7 (depends on 1) The process according to claim 1, wherein a composition which comprises (α) at least one polymerizable binder, (ß) at least one volume expansion component, (γ) at least one initiator for the polymerization, and (δ) at least one energy transformation component or a suspension of zirconium oxide in a liquid medium which has a zirconium oxide content of from 68 to 88 wt.-% is used as construction material. ### Claim 8 (depends on 1) The process according to claim 1, wherein the support/construction material is applied to the carrier in step (1) in a layer thickness of 3-300 μm or 10-100 μm, wherein the transfer of a portion of the support/construction material from the carrier substrate (donor) onto a receiver substrate (acceptor) in step (2) is achieved by a laser pulse, and wherein the solidification of the support/construction material on the receiver substrate in step (3) is achieved by drying, radiation curing or altering the aggregation state. ### Claim 9 (depends on 1) The process according to claim 1, wherein the object from step (5) is post-cured in a further step (6). ### Claim 10 (depends on 9) The process according to claim 9, wherein the object from step (5) or step (6) is debinded and/or sintered in a step (7). ### Claim 11 (depends on 1) The process according to claim 1, wherein a composition which comprises (α) at least one radically polymerizable binder, (ß) at least one volume expansion component, (γ) at least one initiator for the polymerization comprising an initiator for the radical polymerization or a photoinitiator, and (δ) at least one energy transformation component or a suspension of zirconium oxide in a liquid medium which has a zirconium oxide content of from 70 to 86 wt.-% or 75 to 85 wt.-% is used as construction material. ### Claim 12 (depends on 11) The process according to claim 11, wherein the at least one initiator for the polymerization comprises a photoinitiator. ### Claim 13 A process of using a material comprising 0.05 to 30 wt.-% of at least one energy transformation component (a), which comprises an inorganic or organic dye or a pigment, 5 to 60 wt.-% of at least one volume expansion component (b), which comprises a substance with a boiling point of from 95 to 200° C., 35 to 94.95 wt.-% of at least one binder (c), which comprises a polymer, wax and/or a non-ionic surfactant, wherein the polymer, wax and/or non-ionic surfactant is solid at <40° C., in each case relative to the total mass of the material, and wherein the material has a viscosity at 25° C. of from 0.2 Pas to 1000 Pas and a surface tension at 25° C. of from 20 to 150 mN/m, as a support material for producing three-dimensional objects by energy-pulse-induced transfer printing (LIFT). ### Claim 14 (depends on 13) The process according to claim 13, wherein the material is used in combination with a construction material.