# US 12,179,203 B2 · Method for reagent-specific driving EWoD arrays in microfluidic systems > Agents: this data is available as JSON from the patentgrep API and MCP server — see https://patentgrep.com/llms.txt - Number: US 12,179,203 B2 - Document ID: US12179203B2 - Status: Granted - Kind: B2 - Application number: 17/497,512 - Filed: 2021-10-08 - Published: 2022-04-14 - Granted: 2024-12-31 - Earliest claimed: 2020-10-08 - Assignees: Nuclera Ltd - Applicants: Nuclera Ltd - Inventors: Richard J. Paolini, Jr.; Luke M. Slominski; Timothy J. O'Malley; David Zhitomirsky - Web page: https://patentgrep.com/patent/US12179203B2 ## CPC - B01L 3/502792: {for moving individual droplets on a plate, e.g. by locally altering surface tension} - B01L 3/502715: {characterised by interfacing components, e.g. fluidic, electrical, optical or mechanical interfaces} - G02B 26/005: {based on electrowetting} - B01L 2200/0621: Control of the sequence of chambers filled or emptied - B01L 2200/0673: Handling of plugs of fluid surrounded by immiscible fluid - B01L 2200/14: Process control and prevention of errors - B01L 2200/16: Reagents, handling or storing thereof - B01L 2300/0645: Electrodes - B01L 2300/0816: Cards, e.g. flat sample carriers usually with flow in two horizontal directions - B01L 2400/0427: Electrowetting - B01L: CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL LABORATORY APPARATUS FOR GENERAL USE - G02B: OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS ## Abstract An electrowetting system for actuating droplets of a first composition and of a second composition. The system includes: a plurality of electrodes configured to manipulate droplets of fluid in a microfluidic space, each electrode being coupled to circuitry which applies driving voltages to the electrode; and a processing unit operably connected to a look up table correlating drive sequences to chemical species and at least one composition parameter. The processing unit is configured to: receive data of a first chemical species and a first composition parameter of the first composition; receive data of a second chemical species and a second composition parameter of the second composition; correlate a first drive sequence with the first chemical species and the first composition parameter; correlate a second drive sequence with the second chemical species and the second composition parameter; and output the first drive sequence and the second drive sequence to the electrodes. ## Claims ### Claim 1 A method of performing droplet operations on a first plurality of droplets having a first composition and on a second plurality of droplets having a second composition using an active matrix electrowetting on dielectric AM-EWoD system comprising a plurality of electrodes configured to manipulate droplets of fluid in a microfluidic space, wherein the plurality of electrodes are pixel electrodes disposed in the active matrix electrowetting on dielectric AM-EWoD system, wherein the pixel electrodes are switched by a transistor matrix comprising a plurality of transistors and wherein each transistor of the plurality of transistors of the transistor matrix is operably connected to a gate line, to a source line, and to the pixel electrodes, the method comprising: performing one or more first droplet operations on the first plurality of droplets and performing one or more second droplet operations on the second plurality of droplets in parallel by driving the pixel electrodes with a first drive sequence having a first series of voltage pulses and with a second drive sequence having a second series of voltage pulses wherein the first series of voltage pulses differs from the second series of voltages pulses, and wherein each voltage pulse sequence of the first series of voltage pulses and each voltage pulse sequence of the second series of voltage pulses includes a mix of high voltage pulses and of low voltage pulses and wherein each voltage pulse sequence of the first series of voltage pulses differs in intermittency from each voltage pulse sequence of the second series of voltage pulses. ### Claim 2 (depends on 1) The method of claim 1, wherein the performing one or more first droplet operations on the first plurality of droplets and the performing one or more second droplet operations on the second plurality of droplets include any of: loading a droplet into the microfluidic space; dispensing one or more droplets from a reservoir; splitting a droplet into two or more droplets; moving a droplet from one location to another; merging or combining two or more droplets into a single droplet; diluting a droplet; mixing a droplet; deforming a droplet; holding a droplet in position; heating a droplet; cooling a droplet; and transporting a droplet out of the microfluidic space; or combinations thereof. ### Claim 3 The method of 1, wherein the performing one or more first droplet operations on the first plurality of droplets and the performing one or more second droplet operations on the second plurality of droplets are performed with the first composition being associated with a first composition parameter and with the second composition being associated with a second composition parameter, and wherein the first composition parameter and the second composition parameter are independently selected from at least one of a chemical species concentration parameter, a rheological property parameter, a pH parameter, a temperature parameter, an ionic strength parameter, a conductivity parameter, and a light absorbance parameter, or combinations thereof. ### Claim 4 (depends on 1) The method of claim 1, wherein the performing one or more first droplet operations on the first plurality of droplets and the performing one or more second droplet operations on the second plurality of droplets are performed with the first drive sequence and the second drive sequence being motion schemes, each motion scheme of the motion schemes for moving droplets from a first location to a second location. ### Claim 5 (depends on 4) The method of claim 4, wherein the performing one or more first droplet operations on the first plurality of droplets and the performing one or more second droplet operations on the second plurality of droplets are performed with each motion scheme of the motion schemes comprising a charge-neutral drive sequence. ### Claim 6 (depends on 4) The method of claim 4, wherein the performing one or more first droplet operations on the first plurality of droplets and the performing one or more second droplet operations on the second plurality of droplets are performed with each motion scheme of the motion schemes comprising a pulse width modulated drive sequence. ### Claim 7 (depends on 4) The method of claim 4, wherein the performing one or more first droplet operations on the first plurality of droplets and the performing one or more second droplet operations on the second plurality of droplets are performed with each motion scheme of the motion schemes comprising a correcting pulse. ### Claim 8 (depends on 1) The method of claim 1, wherein the performing one or more first droplet operations on the first plurality of droplets and the performing one or more second droplet operations on the second plurality of droplets are performed with the first drive sequence and the second drive sequence being dispensing schemes for dispensing droplets from a reservoir. ### Claim 9 (depends on 1) The method of claim 1, wherein the performing one or more first droplet operations on the first plurality of droplets and the performing one or more second droplet operations on the second plurality of droplets are performed with the first drive sequence and the second drive sequence being merging schemes, each merging scheme of the merging schemes for merging together two or more droplets or with the first drive sequence and the second drive sequence being mixing schemes, each mixing scheme of the mixing schemes for mixing droplets formed from a merger of two or more reactant droplets. ### Claim 10 (depends on 9) The method of claim 9, wherein each mixing scheme of the mixing schemes comprises a droplet elongation drive sequence. ### Claim 11 (depends on 1) The method of claim 1, wherein the performing one or more first droplet operations on the first plurality of droplets and the performing one or more second droplet operations on the second plurality of droplets are performed with the first drive sequence and the second drive sequence being holding schemes, each holding scheme of the holding schemes comprising an intermittent single pulse. ### Claim 12 (depends on 1) The method of claim 1, wherein the performing one or more first droplet operations on the first plurality of droplets and the performing one or more second droplet operations on the second plurality of droplets are performed with the first plurality of droplets having the first composition and with the second plurality of droplets having the second composition moving simultaneously in the active matrix electrowetting on dielectric AM-EWoD system. ### Claim 13 (depends on 1) The method of claim 1, wherein the performing one or more first droplet operations on the first plurality of droplets and the performing one or more second droplet operations on the second plurality of droplets are performed with a first portion of the pixel electrodes being driven with the first drive sequence and a second portion of the pixel electrodes being driven with the second drive sequence overlapping in time. ### Claim 14 (depends on 1) The method of claim 1, wherein the active matrix electrowetting on dielectric AM-EWoD system comprises: a processing unit operably connected to a storage medium holding a plurality of pulse drive waveform sequences correlated to chemical species and to composition parameters.