# US 12,179,085 B2 · Golf play outcome simulation modeling system

> Agents: this data is available as JSON from the patentgrep API and MCP server — see https://patentgrep.com/llms.txt

- Number: US 12,179,085 B2
- Document ID: US12179085B2
- Status: Granted
- Kind: B2
- Application number: 18/414,237
- Filed: 2024-01-16
- Published: 2024-12-05
- Granted: 2024-12-31
- Earliest claimed: 2023-06-01
- Assignees: PGA TOUR Enterprises, LLC
- Applicants: PGA TOUR Enterprises, LLC
- Inventors: Michael Vitti; Jacqueline Shelly; Joshua Oskwarek
- Web page: https://patentgrep.com/patent/US12179085B2

## CPC

- A63B 71/0616: {Means for conducting or scheduling competition, league, tournaments or rankings}
- G06F 7/588: {Random number generators, i.e. based on natural stochastic processes}
- G06Q 10/063114: {Status monitoring or status determination for a person or group}
- G06Q 10/1093: Calendar-based scheduling for persons or groups
- G07F 17/3288: {Betting, e.g. on live events, bookmaking}
- G09B 19/0038: {Sports}
- G07F 17/3276: {wherein the players compete, e.g. tournament}
- A63B: APPARATUS FOR PHYSICAL TRAINING, GYMNASTICS, SWIMMING, CLIMBING, OR FENCING; BALL GAMES; TRAINING EQUIPMENT (apparatus for passive exercising, massage A61H)
- G06F: ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING (computer systems based on specific computational models G06N)
- G06Q: INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY [ICT] SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR ADMINISTRATIVE, COMMERCIAL, FINANCIAL, MANAGERIAL OR SUPERVISORY PURPOSES; SYSTEMS OR METHODS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR ADMINISTRATIVE, COMMERCIAL, FINANCIAL, MANAGERIAL OR SUPERVISORY PURPOSES, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- G07F: COIN-FREED OR LIKE APPARATUS (coin sorting G07D3/00; coin testing G07D5/00; {handling coins or paper currencies apart from payment activated apparatus G07D; payment architectures, schemes or protocols G06Q20/00})
- G09B: EDUCATIONAL OR DEMONSTRATION APPLIANCES; APPLIANCES FOR TEACHING, OR COMMUNICATING WITH, THE BLIND, DEAF OR MUTE; MODELS; PLANETARIA; GLOBES; MAPS; DIAGRAMS (devices for psychotechnics or for testing reaction times A61B5/16; games, sports, amusements A63; projectors, projector screens G03B)

## Abstract

An golf tournament simulation method may include generating predicted hole scores for each hole of each round of a golf tournament. Historical shot data corresponding to a historical occurrence of one or more hole events may be utilized as weight to generate predicted outcomes of hole events for each hole. A score probability distribution may be assigned to the predicted outcomes to generate predicted hole scores. Simulations may be analyzed for predicted outcome probabilities such as win probability, cutline, or Top-10 finish probability. The simulations may be updated during actual play by replacing predicted scores with actual scores. Predicted outcome probabilities may be updated based on the updated simulations updated to include the actual scores.

## Claims

### Claim 1

A system comprising:
a golf tournament simulation modeling system programmed to execute a plurality of & simulations of a golf tournament to generate predicted outcomes of the golf tournament, the golf tournament simulation modeling system comprising:
a memory storing instructions;
a processing unit that executes the instructions to perform programmed operations of the golf tournament simulation modeling system;
a hole event probability generator programmed to calculate a hole event probability for each of one or more hole events assigned to holes of a golf round of the golf tournament;
a hole event outcome generator programmed to generate a predicted hole event outcome with respect to each participating player for each of the one or more hole events for the holes using the calculated hole event probability for the respective hole event as weight, the weight based at least in part on historical statistics of golf play;
a hole score generator programmed to assign a score probability distribution for each hole of the round based on the one or more hole event outcomes generated for the hole and generate the predicted hole score for the player using the assigned score probability distribution; and
a prediction engine programmed to generate a prediction round score from the predicted hole scores and calculate probabilities of one or more of the predicted outcomes from the plurality of simulations.

### Claim 2 (depends on 1)

The system of claim 1, wherein the historical statistics are representative of historical occurrence of the particular hole event in actual tournament play by collective players with respect to multiple holes, by collective players with respect to a specific hole being simulated, and by a player subject to the simulation with respect to multiple holes.

### Claim 3 (depends on 2)

The system of claim 2, wherein the hole event probabilities are based on historical statistics related to holes having a par value corresponding to the hole being simulated.

### Claim 4 (depends on 1)

The system of claim 1, wherein the hole event outcome of a first hole event for a first hole specifies an element required for identification of the historical statistics to be used to generate a hole event probability of a second hole event for the first hole.

### Claim 5 (depends on 1)

The system of claim 1, wherein a first hole event probability for par 4 and par 5 holes comprises a probability the player hits the fairway off-tee, and a first hole event probability for a par 3 hole comprises a probability the player hits the green off-tee.

### Claim 6 (depends on 5)

The system of claim 5, wherein the off-tee hole event probability uses the historical statistics comprising:
for par 3 holes: player GIR % on par 3 holes, collective GIR % for the hole, and collective GIR % on par 3 holes; and
for par 4 and par 5 holes: player hit fairway on par 4 and par 5 holes, collective hit fairway % for the hole, and collective hit fairway % on par 4 and par 5 holes.

### Claim 7 (depends on 5)

The system of claim 5, wherein a second hole event probability for par 4 and par 5 holes comprises a probability the player hits the green from a location determined by the predicted outcome of the first hole event.

### Claim 8 (depends on 7)

The system of claim 7, wherein, if the predicted hole event location outcome for the off-tee location hole event calculated for the hole is fairway, the historical statistics for a subsequent shot location hole event comprises historical statistics corresponding to historical occurrence of hitting the green from the fairway comprising player GIR % from fairway on par 4 and par 5 holes, collective GIR % from fairway on the hole, and collective GIR % from fairway on par 4 and par 5 holes, and if the predicted hole event location outcome for the off-tee location hole event calculated for the hole is non-fairway, the historical statistics for the subsequent shot location hole event comprises historical statistics corresponding to historical occurrence of hitting the green from non-fairway comprising player GIR % from non-fairway on par 4 and par 5 holes, collective GIR % from non-fairway on the hole, and collective GIR % from non-fairway on par 4 and par 5 holes.

### Claim 9 (depends on 1)

The system of claim 1, wherein a hole event probability algorithm is used to generate the hole event probabilities, and wherein the hole event probability algorithm comprises:
P
⁡
(
Event
)
=
xy
z
xy
z
+
(
1
-
x
)
⁢
(
1
-
y
)
(
1
-
z
)
,
where x is a historical occurrence of the player performing the hole event, y is a collective historical occurrence of the hole event on the particular hole, and z is a collective historical occurrence of the hole event during play on multiple courses.

### Claim 10 (depends on 1)

The system of claim 1, wherein the score probability distributions are representative of historical score distributions on the hole given occurrence of each potential hole event outcome or combination of hole event outcomes for the hole.

### Claim 11 (depends on 1)

The system of a claim 1, further comprising an update processor programmed to update one or more predicted outcomes of the plurality of simulations, predicted outcome probabilities, or both based on inclusion of actual score data during actual play in the golf round, wherein the update processor is configured to:
substitute actual hole scores for predicted hole scores as players complete holes;
update predicted round scores, accounting for the substituted actual holes scores;
sum predicted round scores, as updated, for all tournament rounds to generate updated predicted tournament scores for competing players;
sum predicted round scores, as updated, for pre-cut rounds to establish an updated cutline;
include predicted round scores for post-cut rounds to score of players updated to not make cut; and
exclude predicted round scores for post-cut rounds to scores of plays updated to not make cut.

### Claim 12 (depends on 11)

The system of claim 11, wherein the update processor is further programmed to transmit prediction outcome probabilities for each player into a database using a player ID and a time-stamp to show most recent probabilities to allow for trending displays for television broadcast and digitally across digital platforms.

### Claim 13

A system for updating a golf tournament simulation, the system comprising:
an update processor programmed to execute update operations with respect to a golf tournament simulation following start of actual play in the golf;
a memory storing instructions;
a processing unit that executes the instructions to perform the programmed operations of the update processor, the operations comprising:
updating the tournament simulation of the golf tournament in real time by:
substituting actual hole scores for predicted hole scores as players complete holes;
updating predicted round scores, accounting for the substituted actual holes scores;
generating updated predicted tournament scores for all competing players from the updated predicted round scores for all tournament rounds;
establishing an updated cutline from the updated predicted round scores for pre-cut rounds; and
including in the updated predicted tournament scores predicted round scores for post-cut rounds to scores of players updated to make cut and excluding predicted round scores for post-cut rounds to scores of plays updated to not make cut.

### Claim 14 (depends on 13)

The system of claim 13, further comprising:
updating predicted outcomes with respect to the tournament simulation of the golf tournament;
repeating the operations with respect to a plurality of additional tournament simulations of the golf tournament; and
updating one or more predicted outcome probabilities based on the collective updated predicted outcomes with respect to the tournament simulation of the golf tournament and the plurality of additional tournament simulations of the golf tournament.

### Claim 15 (depends on 14)

The system of claim 14, wherein the one or more predicted outcome probabilities comprises a win probability, a top-10 finish probability, a cutline probability, and a probability of making a cut.

### Claim 16

A method of simulating a golf event, the method comprising:
executing a round simulation for each participating player in a golf event with a golf tournament simulation modeling system programed to execute simulations of a golf tournament, the golf tournament simulation modeling system comprising memory storing instructions and a processing unit that executes the instructions to perform programmed operations of the golf tournament simulation modeling system, the operations comprising:
generating a predicted hole score for each hole of a golf round comprising, for each hole:
calculating, with a hole event probability generator, a hole event probability for each of one or more hole events assigned to a hole of a golf round;
generating, with a hole event outcome generator, a predicted hole event outcome for each hole event using the calculated event probability for the respective hole event as weight; and
generating, with a hole score generator, the predicted hole score hole using a score probability distribution corresponding to the one or more or more predicted hole outcomes generated for the hole; generating, with a prediction engine, a predicted round score from the predicted hole scores; and
applying, with a modification engine, a score differential adjustment to a predicted hole score or predicted round score of a player based on a historical situational differential in scoring for the player with respect to a situation applicable to the round or tournament being simulated.

### Claim 17 (depends on 16)

The method of claim 16, wherein the situation is selected from one or more of chronological, seasonal, geographical, environmental, tournament schedule, or round schedule.

### Claim 18 (depends on 16)

The method of claim 16, wherein the historical situational differential in scoring comprises a differential in scoring average of the player during play in the situation relative to scoring average of the field in the situation or in tournament play over a period of time.

### Claim 19 (depends on 16)

The method of claim 16, wherein the historical situational differential in scoring comprises a differential in scoring average of the player during play in the situation relative to a broader scoring average of the player in tournaments play over a period of time.

### Claim 20 (depends on 19)

The method of claim 19, wherein the period of time comprises a current season.

### Claim 21 (depends on 16)

The method of claim 16, wherein the historical situational differential in scoring comprises a scoring average differential of the player in tournament rounds corresponding to the tournament round being simulated relative to the player's broader scoring average in tournament rounds over period of time.

### Claim 22 (depends on 21)

The method of claim 21, wherein the score differential adjustment is weighted such that more recent scores are given more weight than older scores.

### Claim 23 (depends on 16)

The method of claim 16, wherein the differential score adjustment applied for a first player is based on the historical situational differential in scoring of the first player in a first situation applicable to the round or tournament, and the differential score adjustment applied for a second player is based on a historical situational differential in scoring of the second player in a second situation applicable to the round or tournament that is different than the first situation applicable to the round or tournament.

### Claim 24

The method of 16, wherein calculating the one or more hole event probabilities is based, at least in part, on historical statistics representative of historical occurrence of the hole event in actual tournament play by collective players with respect to multiple holes, by collective players with respect to a specific hole being simulated, and by a player subject to the simulation with respect to multiple holes.

### Claim 25 (depends on 24)

The method claim 24, wherein calculating the one or more hole event probabilities comprises processing, with a score distribution engine, historical statistics representative of historical occurrence of the hole event in actual tournament play through the following event probability model:
P
⁡
(
Event
)
=
xy
z
xy
z
+
(
1
-
x
)
⁢
(
1
-
y
)
(
1
-
z
)
where x is a historical occurrence of the player performing the hole event, y is a collective historical occurrence of the hole event on the particular hole, and z is a collective historical performance of the hole event during play on multiple courses.

### Claim 26 (depends on 25)

The method of claim 25, wherein the hole event probability corresponds to a probability of the hole event occurring on the hole, and wherein the historical statistics are related to holes having a hole attribute corresponding to the hole being simulated.

### Claim 27 (depends on 26)

The method of claim 26, wherein a first hole event probability for par 4 holes comprises a probability the player hits the fairway off-tee, wherein x is player hit fairway % on par 4 and par 5 holes, y is collective hit fairway % for the hole, and z is collective hit fairway % on par 4 and par 5 holes.

### Claim 28 (depends on 27)

The method of claim 27, wherein a second hole event probability for the par 4 holes comprises a probability the player hits green on its subsequent shot from a location specified by the predicted outcome of the first hole event.

### Claim 29 (depends on 28)

The method of claim 28, wherein, if the predicted outcome of the first hole event is hit fairway, the historical statistics correspond to historical occurrence of hitting the green from the fairway and x is player GIR % from fairway on par 4 and par 5 holes, y is hole collective GIR % from fairway on hole, and z is collective GIR % from fairway on par 4 and par 5 holes, and wherein if the predicted outcome of the first hole event is missed fairway, the historical statistics correspond to historical occurrence of hitting the green from the non-fairway and x is player GIR % from non-fairway on par 4 and par 5 holes, y is hole collective GIR % from non-fairway, and z is collective GIR % from non-fairway on par 4 and par 5 holes.

### Claim 30 (depends on 16)

The method claim 16, wherein each hole is associated with a plurality of score probability distributions, each score probability distribution corresponding to a specific predicted hole event outcome or combination of predicted hole event outcomes of the hole.