# US 12,178,603 B2 · Patient state determination based on one or more spectral characteristics of a bioelectrical brain signal > Agents: this data is available as JSON from the patentgrep API and MCP server — see https://patentgrep.com/llms.txt - Number: US 12,178,603 B2 - Document ID: US12178603B2 - Status: Granted - Kind: B2 - Application number: 17/394,355 - Filed: 2021-08-04 - Published: 2021-12-02 - Granted: 2024-12-31 - Earliest claimed: 2013-06-04 - Assignees: Medtronic, Inc. - Applicants: Medtronic, Inc. - Inventors: Dwight E. Nelson; Jianping Wu; Rahul Gupta; Yan Zhao - Web page: https://patentgrep.com/patent/US12178603B2 ## CPC - A61B 5/4833: {Assessment of subject's compliance to treatment} - A61B 5/374: Detecting the frequency distribution of signals, e.g. detecting delta, theta, alpha, beta or gamma waves - A61B 5/7282: {Event detection, e.g. detecting unique waveforms indicative of a medical condition (cough events A61B5/0823; seizures A61B5/4094; sleep apnoea A61B5/4818)} - A61N 1/36139: {with automatic adjustment} - A61B 5/4064: {Evaluating the brain (for intracranial pressure A61B5/031; for cerebral blood gases A61B5/14553; using EEG A61B5/369)} - A61B: DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION (usefulness limited to only animals A61D) - A61N: ELECTROTHERAPY; MAGNETOTHERAPY; RADIATION THERAPY; ULTRASOUND THERAPY (measurement of bioelectric currents A61B; surgical instruments, devices or methods for transferring non-mechanical forms of energy to or from the body A61B18/00; anaesthetic apparatus in general A61M; incandescent lamps H01K; infrared radiators for heating H05B) ## Abstract In some examples, a processor determines a patient state based on activity of a bioelectrical brain signal of a patient in one or more frequency sub-bands of a frequency band of interest. For example, a processor may determine a patient state based on the power level of a bioelectrical brain signal of the patient in one or more frequency sub-bands of a frequency band, or based on a spectral pattern of a bioelectrical brain signal in a frequency band, such as a shift in a power distribution between sub-bands, a change in the peak frequency within one or more sub-bands, a pattern of the power distribution over one or more frequency sub-bands, or a width or a variability of one or more sub-bands exhibiting a relatively high or low level of activity. ## Claims ### Claim 1 A method comprising: selecting, with one or more processors, a frequency band of interest of a bioelectrical brain signal of a patient, wherein the selected frequency band of interest includes a beta band; after selecting the frequency band of interest, selecting, with the one or more processors, two or more frequency sub-bands from a plurality of frequency sub-bands of the selected frequency band of interest; determining, with the one or more processors, that the bioelectrical brain signal includes a biomarker indicative of a patient state based on stored biomarker information including one or more spectral characteristics of the selected two or more frequency sub-bands of the selected frequency band of interest, wherein a first frequency sub-band of the selected two or more frequency sub-bands of the selected frequency band of interest includes higher frequencies of the beta band relative to a second frequency sub-band of the selected two or more frequency sub-bands of the selected frequency band of interest, and wherein determining that the bioelectrical brain signal includes the biomarker indicative of the patient state based on the stored biomarker information including one or more spectral characteristics includes: determining whether a dominant amount of beta band activity is in the first frequency sub-band or the second frequency sub-band; and controlling, with the one or more processors, therapy delivery by a medical device to the patient based on determining that the bioelectrical brain signal includes the biomarker indicative of the patient state. ### Claim 2 (depends on 1) The method of claim 1, further comprising receiving information representative of the bioelectrical brain signal of the patient. ### Claim 3 (depends on 2) The method of claim 2, wherein receiving the information representative of the bioelectrical brain signal comprises receiving information representative of the bioelectrical brain signal from a sensing module configured to sense the bioelectrical brain signal via one or more electrodes implanted in a brain of the patient. ### Claim 4 (depends on 1) The method of claim 1, wherein determining the bioelectrical brain signal includes the biomarker based on the stored biomarker information including one or more spectral characteristics further comprises: determining the bioelectrical brain signal includes the biomarker based on a spectral pattern of the bioelectrical brain signal in the selected two or more frequency sub-bands of the selected frequency band of interest. ### Claim 5 (depends on 1) The method of claim 1, wherein determining that the bioelectrical brain signal includes the biomarker indicative of the patient state based on the stored biomarker information including the one or more spectral characteristics further comprises: determining that the bioelectrical brain signal includes the biomarker based on a shift in a power distribution between the first frequency sub-band and the second frequency sub-band over time. ### Claim 6 (depends on 1) The method of claim 1, wherein the biomarker is a first biomarker, and wherein the method further comprises determining that the bioelectrical brain signal includes a second biomarker based on determining that the bioelectric brain signal includes one or more spectral characteristics comprising a change in a peak frequency within the selected two or more frequency sub-bands of the selected frequency band of interest. ### Claim 7 (depends on 1) The method of claim 1, wherein the dominant amount of beta band activity is based on a power distribution between the selected two or more frequency sub-bands of the selected frequency band of interest of the bioelectrical brain signal. ### Claim 8 (depends on 1) The method of claim 1, wherein the dominant amount of beta band activity is based on at least one of: a peak width less than or equal to a first threshold value, or a peak width greater than or equal to a second threshold value. ### Claim 9 (depends on 1) The method of claim 1, wherein the dominant amount of beta band activity is based on the relative activity of the two or more frequency sub-bands of the selected frequency band of interest. ### Claim 10 (depends on 1) The method of claim 1, further comprising generating an indication in response to determining the bioelectrical brain signal includes the biomarker. ### Claim 11 (depends on 1) The method of claim 1, further comprising generating a patient diagnosis based on determining the bioelectrical brain signal includes the biomarker. ### Claim 12 (depends on 1) The method of claim 1, wherein controlling therapy delivery by the medical device comprises controlling delivery of electrical stimulation therapy to a brain of the patient based on determining that the bioelectrical brain signal includes the biomarker indicative of the patient state. ### Claim 13 (depends on 12) The method of claim 12, wherein the electrical stimulation therapy is configured to manage at least one of a movement disorder or a seizure disorder of the patient. ### Claim 14 (depends on 1) The method of claim 1, wherein controlling therapy delivery by the medical device to the patient comprises at least one of modifying one or more parameter values of the therapy, initiating delivery of the therapy, or terminating delivery of the therapy. ### Claim 15 (depends on 1) The method of claim 1, wherein the first frequency sub-band and the second frequency sub-band of the selected two or more frequency sub-bands of the selected frequency band of interest do not overlap with each other. ### Claim 16 (depends on 1) The method of claim 1, wherein the biomarker is one of a plurality of biomarkers including at least a first biomarker and a second biomarker, and wherein determining the bioelectrical brain signal includes the biomarker based on the stored biomarker information including one or more spectral characteristics comprises: determining whether the bioelectrical brain signal includes the first biomarker based on the dominant amount of beta band activity being in the first frequency sub-band; and determining whether the bioelectrical brain signal includes the second biomarker based on the dominant amount of beta band activity being in the second frequency sub-band. ### Claim 17 (depends on 1) The method of claim 1, wherein the biomarker is a first biomarker, and wherein the method further comprises determining the bioelectrical brain signal includes a second biomarker based on determining that the bioelectric brain signal includes one or more spectral characteristics comprising a shift in a peak amplitude of activity from the first frequency sub-band to the second frequency sub-band. ### Claim 18 (depends on 1) The method of claim 1, wherein the one or more spectral characteristics include one or more of a power level in one or more frequency sub-bands of the selected two or more frequency sub-bands or a spectral pattern including a pattern in a power distribution between the selected two or more frequency sub-bands over time. ### Claim 19 (depends on 1) The method of claim 1, wherein the patient state comprises one or more of a movement state, a speech state, or a sleep state. ### Claim 20 (depends on 1) The method of claim 1, wherein the medical device comprises an implantable medical device. ### Claim 21 A system comprising: a memory that stores biomarker information; and one or more processors configured to: select a frequency band of interest of a bioelectrical brain signal of a patient, wherein the selected frequency band of interest includes a beta band; after selecting the frequency band of interest, select two or more frequency sub-bands from a plurality of frequency sub-bands of the selected frequency band of interest; determine the bioelectrical brain signal includes a biomarker indicative of a patient state based on the stored biomarker information, wherein the stored biomarker information includes one or more spectral characteristics of the selected two or more frequency sub-bands of the selected frequency band of interest, wherein a first frequency sub-band of the selected two or more frequency sub-bands of the selected frequency band of interest includes higher frequencies of the beta band relative to a second frequency sub-band of the selected two or more frequency sub-bands of the selected frequency band of interest, and wherein to determine the bioelectrical brain signal includes the biomarker based on the stored biomarker information including one or more spectral characteristics, the one or more processors are configured to determine whether a dominant amount of beta band activity is in the first frequency sub-band or the second frequency sub-band; and control a medical device to deliver therapy to the patient based on determining that the bioelectrical brain signal includes the biomarker indicative of the patient state. ### Claim 22 (depends on 21) The system of claim 21, further comprising: the medical device, wherein the medical device comprises an implantable medical device; and a sensing module configured to sense the bioelectrical brain signal of the patient. ### Claim 23 (depends on 21) The system of claim 21, wherein, to determine the bioelectrical brain signal includes the biomarker based on the stored biomarker information including one or more spectral characteristics, the one or more processors are configured to determine the bioelectrical brain signal includes the biomarker based on a spectral pattern of the bioelectrical brain signal in the selected two or more frequency sub-bands of the selected frequency band of interest. ### Claim 24 (depends on 21) The system of claim 21, wherein, to determine the bioelectrical brain signal includes the biomarker indicative of the patient state based on the stored biomarker information including one or more spectral characteristics, the one or more processors are configured to determine the bioelectrical brain signal includes the biomarker based on a shift in a power distribution between the first frequency sub-band and the second frequency sub-band over time. ### Claim 25 (depends on 21) The system of claim 21, wherein the biomarker is a first biomarker, wherein the one or more processors are configured to determine that the bioelectrical brain signal includes a second biomarker by at least determining that the bioelectrical brain signal includes one or more spectral characteristics, comprising a change in a peak frequency within the selected two or more frequency sub-bands of the selected frequency band of interest. ### Claim 26 (depends on 21) The system of claim 21, wherein, to determine the bioelectrical brain signal includes the biomarker based on the stored biomarker information including one or more spectral characteristics, the one or more processors are configured to determine the bioelectrical brain signal includes the biomarker based on a predetermined characteristic of a distribution of a signal strength within the selected two or more frequency sub-bands of the selected frequency band of interest of the bioelectrical brain signal. ### Claim 27 (depends on 26) The system of claim 26, wherein the predetermined characteristic of the distribution comprises one or more of a bimodal peak, a peak width less than or equal to a first threshold value, a peak width greater than or equal to a second threshold value, or a unimodal peak. ### Claim 28 (depends on 21) The system of claim 21, wherein, to determine the bioelectrical brain signal includes the biomarker based on the stored biomarker information including one or more spectral characteristics, the one or more processors are configured to determine the bioelectrical brain signal includes the biomarker based on the relative activity of the two or more frequency sub-bands. ### Claim 29 (depends on 21) The system of claim 21, wherein the one or more processors are configured to generate an indication in response to determining the bioelectrical brain signal includes the biomarker. ### Claim 30 (depends on 21) The system of claim 21, wherein the one or more processors are configured to generate a patient diagnosis based on determining the bioelectrical brain signal includes the biomarker. ### Claim 31 (depends on 21) The system of claim 21, wherein, to control therapy delivery by the medical device, the one or more processors are configured to control delivery of electrical stimulation therapy to a brain of the patient based on determining that the bioelectrical brain signal includes the biomarker indicative of the patient state. ### Claim 32 (depends on 31) The system of claim 31, wherein the electrical stimulation therapy is configured to manage at least one of a movement disorder or a seizure disorder of the patient. ### Claim 33 (depends on 21) The system of claim 21, wherein, to control the therapy delivery by the medical device to the patient, the one or more processors are configured to at least one of modify one or more parameter values of the therapy, initiate delivery of the therapy, or terminate delivery of the therapy. ### Claim 34 (depends on 21) The system of claim 21, wherein the first frequency sub-band and the second frequency sub-band of the selected two or more frequency sub-bands of the selected frequency band of interest do not overlap with each other. ### Claim 35 (depends on 21) The system of claim 21, wherein the biomarker is one of a plurality of biomarkers including at least a first biomarker and a second biomarker, and wherein, to determine the bioelectrical brain signal includes the biomarker based on the stored biomarker information including one or more spectral characteristics, the one or more processors are configured to: determine whether the bioelectrical brain signal includes the first biomarker based on the dominant amount of beta band activity being in the first frequency sub-band; and determine whether the bioelectrical brain signal includes the second biomarker based on the dominant amount of beta band activity being in the second frequency sub-band. ### Claim 36 (depends on 21) The system of claim 21, wherein the biomarker is a first biomarker, wherein the one or more processors are configured to determine that the bioelectrical brain signal includes a second biomarker by at least determining that the bioelectrical brain signal includes one or more spectral characteristics comprising a shift in a peak amplitude of activity from the first frequency sub-band to the second frequency sub-band. ### Claim 37 (depends on 21) The system of claim 21, wherein the biomarker is one of a plurality of biomarkers including at least a first biomarker and a second biomarker, and wherein, to determine the bioelectrical brain signal includes the biomarker based on the stored biomarker information including one or more spectral characteristics, the one or more processors are configured to: determine whether the bioelectrical brain signal includes the first biomarker based on one or more first spectral characteristics of the selected two or more frequency sub-bands of the selected frequency band of interest; and determine whether the bioelectrical brain signal includes the second biomarker based on one or more second spectral characteristics, different than the one or more first spectral characteristics, of the selected two or more frequency sub-bands of the selected frequency band of interest. ### Claim 38 (depends on 21) The system of claim 21, wherein the one or more spectral characteristics include one or more of a power level in one or more frequency sub-bands of the selected two or more frequency sub-bands or a spectral pattern including a pattern in a power distribution between the selected two or more frequency sub-bands over time. ### Claim 39 (depends on 21) The system of claim 21, wherein the patient state comprises one or more of a movement state, a speech state, or a sleep state. ### Claim 40 A non-transitory computer readable storage medium comprising instructions that, when executed by one or more processors, cause the one or more processors to: select a frequency band of interest of a bioelectrical brain signal of a patient, wherein the selected frequency band of interest includes a beta band; after selecting the frequency band of interest, select two or more frequency sub-bands from a plurality of frequency sub-bands of the selected frequency band of interest; determine the bioelectrical brain signal includes a biomarker indicative of a patient state based on stored biomarker information including one or more spectral characteristics of the selected two or more frequency sub-bands of the selected frequency band of interest, wherein a first frequency sub-band of the selected two or more frequency sub-bands of the selected frequency band of interest includes higher frequencies of the beta band relative to a second frequency sub-band of the selected two or more frequency sub-bands of the selected frequency band of interest, and wherein the instructions that cause the one or more processors to determine the bioelectrical brain signal includes the biomarker based on the stored biomarker information including one or more spectral characteristics includes instructions that cause the one or more processors to determine whether a dominant amount of beta band activity is in the first frequency sub-band or the second frequency sub-band; and control therapy delivery by a medical device to the patient based on determining that the bioelectrical brain signal includes the biomarker indicative of the patient state.