# US 12,178,593 B2 · Apparatus for examining brain injury, method of making and method of using the same > Agents: this data is available as JSON from the patentgrep API and MCP server — see https://patentgrep.com/llms.txt - Number: US 12,178,593 B2 - Document ID: US12178593B2 - Status: Granted - Kind: B2 - Application number: 18/067,796 - Filed: 2022-12-19 - Published: 2023-05-04 - Granted: 2024-12-31 - Earliest claimed: 2018-01-25 - Assignees: Villanova University - Applicants: Villanova University - Inventors: Qianhong Wu; Ji Lang - Web page: https://patentgrep.com/patent/US12178593B2 ## CPC - A61B 5/4064: {Evaluating the brain (for intracranial pressure A61B5/031; for cerebral blood gases A61B5/14553; using EEG A61B5/369)} - A61B 5/16: Devices for psychotechnics (using teaching or educational appliances G09B1/00 - G09B7/00); Testing reaction times {; Devices for evaluating the psychological state} - G09B 23/303: {specially adapted to simulate circulation of bodily fluids} - G09B 23/32: with moving parts - A61B 2576/026: for the brain - A61B: DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION (usefulness limited to only animals A61D) - G09B: EDUCATIONAL OR DEMONSTRATION APPLIANCES; APPLIANCES FOR TEACHING, OR COMMUNICATING WITH, THE BLIND, DEAF OR MUTE; MODELS; PLANETARIA; GLOBES; MAPS; DIAGRAMS (devices for psychotechnics or for testing reaction times A61B5/16; games, sports, amusements A63; projectors, projector screens G03B) ## Abstract A test apparatus or system for testing impact induced brain trauma a method of making and a method using the same are provided. The system includes a head model, which includes a skull component, a brain component, and a fluid component. The skull component has a wall defining an interior chamber. The brain component includes a gel material and is disposed within the interior chamber. The fluid component is disposed inside the interior chamber. The system may also include a fluid tank fluidly coupled with the skull component and configured to provide the fluid component into the interior chamber. The head model may further include a layer of porous media disposed between the brain component and the interior wall surface of the skull component. The system may include at least one impact element for providing an impact on the head model. The impact is translational or rotational or both. ## Claims ### Claim 1 A system for testing impact induced brain trauma, comprising: a head model comprising: a skull component having a wall defining an interior chamber, the wall comprising an exterior wall surface and an interior wall surface; a brain component disposed within the interior chamber, the brain component comprising a gel material for simulating brain tissue; a fluid component disposed inside the interior chamber; and a layer of porous media disposed between the brain component and the interior wall surface of the skull component, wherein the layer of porous media comprises a polymer, and the fluid component is disposed inside the layer of porous media. ### Claim 2 (depends on 1) The system of claim 1, wherein the skull component is made of a rigid and transparent material. ### Claim 3 (depends on 1) The system of claim 1, wherein the brain component is in a spherical shape, or is shaped and sized to simulate a brain of a human subject. ### Claim 4 (depends on 1) The system of claim 1, further comprising a tank fluidly coupled with the skull component and configured to provide the fluid component into the interior chamber. ### Claim 5 (depends on 4) The system of claim 4, wherein the tank is connected with the skull component through a tube and configured to adjust a pressure of the fluid component inside the interior chamber. ### Claim 6 (depends on 1) The system of claim 1, further comprising: at least one impact element configured to provide an impact on the head model, the impact being translational or rotational or both. ### Claim 7 (depends on 6) The system of claim 6, wherein the at least one impact element comprises a rotor coupled with the head model to provide a rotational impact on the head model. ### Claim 8 (depends on 1) The system of claim 1, further comprising one or more sensors embedded inside the wall of the skull component. ### Claim 9 (depends on 8) The system of claim 8, wherein the one or more sensors are selected from the group consisting of a pressure sensor, a displacement sensor, an accelerometer, and a combination thereof. ### Claim 10 (depends on 8) The system of claim 8, further comprising a camera configured to take a plurality of images showing one or more components inside the interior chamber. ### Claim 11 (depends on 10) The system of claim 10, further comprising a computer configured to analyze data from the one or more sensors and the plurality of images for detecting impact induced brain trauma. ### Claim 12 A system for testing impact induced brain trauma, comprising: a head model comprising: a skull component having a wall defining an interior chamber, the wall comprising an exterior wall surface and an interior wall surface; a brain component disposed within the interior chamber, the brain component comprising a gel material for simulating brain tissue; a fluid component disposed inside the interior chamber; and a layer of porous media disposed between the brain component and the interior wall surface of the skull component, wherein the layer of porous media comprises a polymer, and the fluid component is disposed inside the layer of porous media; and a tank fluidly coupled with the skull component and configured to adjust a pressure of the fluid component inside the interior chamber. ### Claim 13 (depends on 12) The system of claim 12, wherein the skull component is made of a rigid and transparent material, and the brain component is in a spherical shape, or is shaped and sized to simulate a brain of a human subject. ### Claim 14 (depends on 1) The system of claim 1, wherein the tank is configured to provide the fluid component into the interior chamber. ### Claim 15 (depends on 1) A method of forming a system of claim 1, comprising forming a head model, wherein forming the head model comprises: providing the skull component; forming the brain component; placing the brain component within the interior chamber; and placing the layer of porous media between the brain component and the interior wall surface of the skull component. ### Claim 16 (depends on 15) The method of claim 15, further comprising coupling a tank disposed outside the skull component, wherein the tank is fluidly coupled with the skull component configured to supply the fluid component into the interior chamber, and adjust a pressure of the fluid component inside the interior chamber through the tank. ### Claim 17 (depends on 15) The method of claim 15, further comprising: providing at least one impact element configured to provide an impact on the head model, the impact being translational or rotational or both. ### Claim 18 A method of using a system for testing impact induced brain trauma, the system comprising: a head model comprising: a skull component having a wall defining an interior chamber, the wall comprising an exterior wall surface and an interior wall surface; a brain component disposed within the interior chamber, the brain component comprising a gel material for simulating brain tissue; a fluid component disposed inside the interior chamber; and a layer of porous media disposed between the brain component and the interior wall surface of the skull component, wherein the layer of porous media comprises a polymer, and the fluid component is disposed inside the layer of porous media, wherein the method comprises a step of providing an impact on the head model from at least one impact element, the impact being translational or rotational or both. ### Claim 19 (depends on 18) The method of claim 18, further comprising supplying the fluid component into the interior chamber from a tank disposed outside the skull component and fluidly coupled with the skull component; and adjusting a pressure of the fluid component inside the interior chamber through the tank. ### Claim 20 (depends on 19) The method of claim 19, further comprising: collecting data from one or more sensors embedded inside the wall of the skull component; taking a plurality of images through a camera to show one or more components inside the interior chamber; and analyzing the data and the plurality of images using a computer so as to detect impact induced brain trauma.