Lead-lead oxide-carbon nanocomposite for energy storage cells and method of preparation

A method of preparing a nanocomposite comprising lead (Pb) nanoparticles and lead oxide nanoparticles homogeneously dispersed in a matrix of carbon nanoparticles;

• the method comprising:
• grinding a mixture comprising a lead oxide material and a carbon material together in a high-energy ball mill, under an inert atmosphere to form the carbon nanoparticles, the lead oxide nanoparticles, and reduce a portion of the lead oxide to elemental Pb nanoparticles;
• wherein the ball milling is continued until a homogeneous dispersion of the Pb nanoparticles and lead oxide nanoparticles in the matrix of carbon nanoparticles is formed, wherein the mixture of the lead oxide material and the carbon material further comprises at least one additional element selected from the group consisting of a transition metal, Al, Si, P, Sn, Sb, and Bi.