Electrolyte and electrochemical apparatus using same

An electrochemical apparatus, comprising:

• a positive electrode, the positive electrode comprising a positive active material;
• a negative electrode, the negative electrode comprising a negative active material;
• and
• an electrolyte, comprising a compound of formula 1:
• wherein R1 and R2 are each independently selected from a substituted or unsubstituted C1-10 alkyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C3-10 cycloalkyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C2-10 alkenyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C2-10 alkynyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C1-10 alkoxy group, a substituted or unsubstituted C6-10 aryl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C3-10 heteroaryl group, or any combination thereof;
• wherein R is selected from a substituted or unsubstituted C1-10 alkyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C3-10 cycloalkyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C2-10 alkenyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C2-10 alkynyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C1-10 alkoxy group, a substituted or unsubstituted C6-10 aryl group or a substituted or unsubstituted C3-10 heteroaryl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C3-10 heterocycloalkyl group, a butyrolactam group,
• or any combination thereof;
• wherein R3 and R4 are each independently selected from H, halogen atom, a substituted or unsubstituted C1-3 alkyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C3-7 cycloalkyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C2-6 alkenyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C2-6 alkynyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C1-6 alkoxy group, or any combination thereof;
• wherein when the substituent groups are each independently substituted, the substituent group is selected from at least one of halogen atom, a cyano group, a C1-6 alkyl group, a C3-6 cycloalkyl group, a C1-6 alkoxy group, a C2-6 alkenyl group, a C6-10 aryl group, or a C6-10 heteroaryl group;
• and
• wherein heteroatoms in the groups each are independently selected from at least one of O, S, N, or P;
• wherein the electrolyte further comprises a nitrile compound;
• and the nitrile compound comprises a compound shown in formula 2, and at least one of a compound shown in formula 4 or a compound shown in formula 5:
• wherein R21 is selected from a substituted or unsubstituted C1-5 alkylidene group or Rc—(O—Ra)A—O—Rb, Ra and Rb are each independently selected from a substituted or unsubstituted C1-3 alkylidene group, Rc is selected from a single bonded or a substituted or unsubstituted C1-3 alkylidene group, and A is an integer ranging from 0 to 2;
• R41, R42 and R43 are each independently selected from a single bonded or a substituted or unsubstituted C1-5 alkylidene group, a substituted or unsubstituted C1-5 alkyleneoxy group, or any combination thereof;
• R51 is selected from a substituted or unsubstituted C1-5 alkylidene group, a substituted or unsubstituted C3-7 cycloalkylidene group, a substituted or unsubstituted C2-10 alkenylene group, a substituted or unsubstituted C6-10 arylidene group, a substituted or unsubstituted C1-6 heterocyclic group, or any combination thereof;
• wherein when the substituent groups are each independently substituted, the substituent group is selected from at least one of halogen atom, a nitro group, a cyano group, a carboxyl group, and a sulfate group;
• and
• wherein based on a total weight of the electrolyte, the nitrile compound is 0.5 wt % to 10 wt %.

An electronic apparatus, comprising an electrochemical apparatus, wherein the electrochemical apparatus comprises:

• a positive electrode, the positive electrode comprising a positive active material;
• a negative electrode, the negative electrode comprising a negative active material;
• and
• an electrolyte, comprising a compound of formula 1:
• wherein R1 and R2 are each independently selected from a substituted or unsubstituted C1-10 alkyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C3-10 cycloalkyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C2-10 alkenyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C2-10 alkynyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C1-10 alkoxy group, a substituted or unsubstituted C6-10 aryl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C3-10 heteroaryl group, or any combination thereof;
• wherein R is selected from a substituted or unsubstituted C1-10 alkyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C3-10 cycloalkyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C2-10 alkenyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C2-10 alkynyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C1-10 alkoxy group, a substituted or unsubstituted C6-10 aryl group or a substituted or unsubstituted C3-10 heteroaryl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C3-10 heterocycloalkyl group, a butyrolactam group,
• or any combination thereof;
• wherein R3 and R4 are each independently selected from H, halogen atom, a substituted or unsubstituted C1-3 alkyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C3-7 cycloalkyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C2-6 alkenyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C2-6 alkynyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C1-6 alkoxy group, or any combination thereof;
• wherein when the substituent groups are each independently substituted, the substituent group is selected from at least one of halogen atom, a cyano group, a C1-6 alkyl group, a C3-6 cycloalkyl group, a C1-6 alkoxy group, a C2-6 alkenyl group, a C6-10 aryl group, or a C6-10 heteroaryl group;
• and
• wherein heteroatoms in the groups each are independently selected from at least one of O, S, N, or P;
• wherein the electrolyte further comprises a nitrile compound;
• and the nitrile compound comprises a compound shown in formula 2, and at least one of a compound shown in formula 4 or a compound shown in formula 5:
• wherein R21 is selected from a substituted or unsubstituted C1-5 alkylidene group or Rc—(O—Ra)A—O—Rb, Ra and Rb are each independently selected from a substituted or unsubstituted C1-3 alkylidene group, Rc is selected from a single bonded or a substituted or unsubstituted C1-3 alkylidene group, and A is an integer ranging from 0 to 2;
• R41, R42 and R43 are each independently selected from a single bonded or a substituted or unsubstituted C1-5 alkylidene group, a substituted or unsubstituted C1-5 alkyleneoxy group, or any combination thereof;
• R51 is selected from a substituted or unsubstituted C1-5 alkylidene group, a substituted or unsubstituted C3-7 cycloalkylidene group, a substituted or unsubstituted C2-10 alkenylene group, a substituted or unsubstituted C6-10 arylidene group, a substituted or unsubstituted C1-6 heterocyclic group, or any combination thereof;
• wherein when the substituent groups are each independently substituted, the substituent group is selected from at least one of halogen atom, a nitro group, a cyano group, a carboxyl group, and a sulfate group;
• and
• wherein based on a total weight of the electrolyte, the nitrile compound is 0.5 wt % to 10 wt %.