Water deionization cells with flow channels packed with intercalation material

A device for removing ions from a solution, the device comprising:

• first and second flow plates, the first flow plate having first land regions and first channel regions spaced apart from the first land regions, and the second flow plate having second land regions and second channel regions spaced apart from the second land regions;
• an anion exchange membrane positioned between the first and second flow plates to form first and second flow channels between the anion exchange membrane and the first and second flow plates, respectively, the first flow channel having a first land volume positioned between the first land regions and the anion exchange membrane, the first flow channel having a first channel volume positioned between the anion exchange membrane and the first channel regions and spaced apart from the anion exchange membrane, the second flow channel having a second land volume positioned between the second land regions and the anion exchange membrane, and the second flow channel having a second channel volume positioned between the anion exchange membrane and the second channel regions and spaced apart from the anion exchange membrane;
• and
• an intercalation material layer positioned within the first land and channel volumes and the second land and channel volumes, a first thickness of the intercalation material layer within the first land volume is greater than a second thickness of the intercalation material layer in the first channel volume.