Polymer coated sulphur cured rubber composition

A composite including a substrate, a sulphur cured rubber and a polymeric layer disposed therebetween, wherein the polymeric layer is formed through the reaction of a compound including at least one thiol group, and a second polymeric precursor including a compound of Formula A or II,

• wherein the compound having the structure of Formula A is
• wherein R6 represents an amine moiety, a quaternary ammonium cation or an optionally substituted hydrocarbyl group,
• R20 represents an optionally substituted hydrocarbyl group,
• each of R1 and R2 independently represents an optionally substituted hydrocarbyl group,
• j is an integer from 1 to 4;
• and
• wherein the compound having the structure of Formula II is
• wherein each of R1 and R2 independently represents an optionally substituted hydrocarbyl group,
• R17 and R18 independently represents an optionally substituted hydrocarbyl group, or hydrogen,
• y is an integer of from 1 to 3;
• z is an integer of from 1 to 3;
• wherein the combination of the integers represented by y and z must be 4 or less, and where the combination of the integers represented by y and z is 3, one of R17 and R18 is absent, and where the combination of the integers represented by y and z is 4, both of R17 and R18 are absent;
• X− represents a counter ion,
• wherein if the second polymeric precursor includes the compound of formula A, then the ratio of diallylamide groups of the second polymeric precursor to thiol groups which react to form the polymeric layer is 1:1.5 to 25.

An emulsion including an oil phase comprising a compound including at least one thiol group and an aqueous phase comprising a second polymeric precursor including a compound of Formula A or II,

• wherein the compound having the structure of Formula A is
• wherein R6 represents an amine moiety, a quaternary ammonium cation or an optionally substituted hydrocarbyl group,
• R20 represents an optionally substituted hydrocarbyl group,
• each of R1 and R2 independently represents an optionally substituted hydrocarbyl group,
• j is an integer from 1 to 4;
• and
• wherein the compound having the structure of Formula II is
• wherein each of R1 and R2 independently represents an optionally substituted hydrocarbyl group,
• R17 and R18 independently represents an optionally substituted hydrocarbyl group, or hydrogen,
• y is an integer of from 1 to 3;
• z is an integer of from 1 to 3;
• wherein the combination of the integers represented by y and z must be 4 or less, and where the combination of the integers represented by y and z is 3, one of R17 and R18 is absent, and where the combination of the integers represented by y and z is 4, both of R17 and R18 are absent;
• and
• X− represents a counter ion;
• wherein if the second polymeric precursor includes the compound of formula A, then the ratio of diallylamide groups of the second polymeric precursor to thiol groups which react to form the polymeric layer is 1:1.5 to 25.

An aqueous composition comprising a compound including at least one thiol group and a second polymeric precursor including a compound of Formula A or II,

• wherein the compound having the structure of Formula A is
• wherein R6 represents an amine moiety, a quaternary ammonium cation or an optionally substituted hydrocarbyl group,
• R20 represents an optionally substituted hydrocarbyl group,
• each of R1 and R2 independently represents an optionally substituted hydrocarbyl group,
• j is an integer from 1 to 4;
• and
• wherein the compound having the structure of Formula II is
• wherein each of R1 and R2 independently represents an optionally substituted hydrocarbyl group,
• R17 and R18 independently represents an optionally substituted hydrocarbyl group, or hydrogen,
• y is an integer of from 1 to 3;
• z is an integer of from 1 to 3;
• wherein the combination of the integers represented by y and z must be 4 or less, and where the combination of the integers represented by y and z is 3, one of R17 and R18 is absent, and where the combination of the integers represented by y and z is 4, both of R17 and R18 are absent;
• and
• X− represents a counter ion,
• wherein if the second polymeric precursor includes the compound of formula A, then the ratio of diallylamide groups of the second polymeric precursor to thiol groups which react to form the polymeric layer is 1:1.5 to 25.