Ultra high strength coating and composites

A method of making a nanoparticle enhanced polymer composite comprising:

• selecting at least one of an amine, a polyol, or a phenolic polymer and/or prepolymer that does not set with a selected isocyanate in 30 seconds;
• dispersing a nanoparticle without damage to the nanoparticle using a sonicator or high speed shearing mixer in with the at least one of an amine, a polyol, or a phenolic polymer and/or prepolymer to form a non-reacted nanoparticle-amine, polyol and/or phenolic polymer and/or prepolymer blend suspension;
• and then forming the nanoparticle enhanced polymer composite,
• wherein, the nanoparticle is at least one of:
• a graphene oxide with an oxidation level greater than 0.1% and less than 55%, and polymerization is to an edge of the graphene oxide;
• or a graphene oxide flake with a diameter to thickness ratio greater than 1 and less than 100,000.

A method for increasing the strength of a porous material in at least one dimension, which comprises (a) dispersing a nanoparticle without damage to the nanoparticle using a sonicator or high speed mixer in an isocyanate monomer/prepolymer to form a nanoparticle-isocyanate blend;

• and (b) polymerizing the nanoparticle-isocyanate blend in the porous material to increase the porous material's strength in at least one dimension, wherein the increase in strength is at least 15, 17, 19, 20, 25, 30, 35, 40, 45, 50, 60, 75, 77, 80, 85, 90, 95, 100, 125, 150, 175,200, 300 or 390 percent,
• wherein the nanoparticle is at least one of:
• a graphene oxide with an oxidation level greater than 0.1% and less than 55%, and polymerization is to an edge of the graphene oxide;
• the nanoparticle is a graphene oxide and is dispersed at a mass ratio greater than 0.01% and less than 80% to form a nanoparticle-amine concentrate;
• or the nanoparticle is a graphene oxide flake with a diameter to thickness ratio greater than 1 and less than 100,000.

A method for increasing the strength of a porous material in at least one dimension, which comprises (a) dispersing a nanoparticle without damage to the nanoparticle using a sonicator or high speed mixer in an isocyanate monomer/prepolymer to form a nanoparticle-isocyanate blend;

• and (b) polymerizing the nanoparticle-isocyanate blend in the porous material to increase the porous material's strength in at least one dimension, wherein the increase in strength is at least 15, 17, 19, 20, 25, 30, 35, 40, 45, 50, 60, 75, 77, 80, 85, 90, 95, 100, 125, 150, 175,200, 300 or 390 percent,
• wherein the nanoparticle is at least one of:
• graphene oxide with an oxidation level between 4% and 10%;
• or the nanoparticle is a graphene oxide and is dispersed at a mass ratio greater than 0.01% and less than 80% to form a non-reacted nanoparticle-amine, polyol and/or phenolic polymer and/or prepolymer blend suspension.

A method for increasing the strength of a porous material in at least one dimension, the method comprising:

• selecting at least one of an amine, a polyol, or a phenolic polymer and/or prepolymer that does not set with a selected isocyanate in 30 seconds;
• dispersing a nanoparticle without damage to the nanoparticle using a sonicator or high speed mixer in with the at least one of an amine, a polyol, or a phenolic polymer and/or prepolymer to form a non-reacted nanoparticle-amine, polyol and/or phenolic polymer and/or prepolymer blend suspension;
• polymerizing the nanoparticle-amine, polyol and/or phenolic polymer and/or prepolymer blend suspension in a porous material to increase the porous material's strength in at least one dimension, wherein the increase in strength is at least 15, 17, 19, 25, 30, 35, 50, 75, 77, 80, 85, 90, 95, 100, 125, 150, 175, 200, 300, 400, 500, 600, 700, 800, 900, 1,000, or 1,050 percent,
• wherein the nanoparticle is at least one of:
• a graphene oxide with an oxidation level greater than 0.1% and less than 55%, and polymerization is to an edge of the graphene oxide;
• the nanoparticle is a graphene oxide and is dispersed at a mass ratio greater than 0.01% and less than 80% to form a nanoparticle-amine concentrate;
• or the nanoparticle is a graphene oxide flake with a diameter to thickness ratio greater than 1 and less than 100,000.

A method for increasing the strength of a porous material in at least one dimension, the method consists of:

• selecting at least one of an amine, a polyol, or a phenolic polymer and/or prepolymer that does not set with a selected isocyanate in 30 seconds;
• dispersing a nanoparticle without damage to the nanoparticle using a sonicator or high speed mixer in with the at least one of an amine, a polyol, or a phenolic polymer and/or prepolymer to form a non-reacted nanoparticle-amine, polyol and/or phenolic polymer and/or prepolymer blend suspension;
• polymerizing the nanoparticle-amine, polyol and/or phenolic polymer and/or prepolymer blend suspension in a porous material to increase the porous material's strength in at least one dimension, wherein the increase in strength is at least 15, 17, 19, 25, 30, 35, 50, 75, 77, 80, 85, 90, 95, 100, 125, 150, 175, 200, 300, 400, 500, 600, 700, 800, 900, 1,000, or 1,050 percent,
• wherein the nanoparticle is at least one of:
• a silicon dioxide particle with an oxidation level greater than 0.1% and less than 100%;
• the nanoparticle is a graphene oxide and is dispersed at a mass ratio greater than 0.01% and less than 80% to form a non-reacted nanoparticle-amine, polyol and/or phenolic polymer and/or prepolymer blend suspension;
• the nanoparticle is silicon dioxide and is dispersed at a mass ratio greater than 0.01% and less than 80% to form a non-reacted nanoparticle-amine, polyol and/or phenolic polymer and/or prepolymer blend suspension.