Organic polymeric compositions

A polymer comprising a plurality of units, wherein each unit is derived from an organic unsaturated planar ring monomer,

• wherein each unit of the plurality of units
• is covalently linked to at least one other unit of the plurality of units by a covalent linker,
• comprises an aromatic ring positioned in a stacked configuration in relation to an aromatic ring of an adjacent, covalently linked unit of the plurality of units, and
• is capable of undergoing oxidation and/or reduction;
• and
• wherein the polymer is electrically conductive;
• wherein each monomer is monocyclic, bicyclic, or tricyclic, wherein the monomer may be in fully oxidized form, fully reduced form, partially reduced form, or any mixture thereof, wherein the monocyclic, the bicyclic, and the tricyclic monomer are defined by formulas I, II, and III, respectively, in their fully oxidized form
• wherein
• X is selected from the group consisting of —O, —S, —NR, —SiR2, —CR2O, and —CR2, wherein the bond in each of these groups connects to the linker, wherein R is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, C1-n alkyl, C1-n alkoxy, hydroxyl, thiol, aryl, halogen, cyano, amino, SO3H, nitro, carboxyl, phosphoryl, and phosphonyl, wherein n is a number between 1 and 20;
• Y is selected from the group consisting of O, S, and NR, when attached to a ring in the monomer in oxidized form;
• and from the group consisting of OH, SH, OR, NR1R2, and OSiR3 when attached to a ring in the monomer in reduced form, wherein R and each of R1 and R2 is independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, alkyl, alkoxy, hydroxyl, aryl halogen, cyano, and amino;
• and
• the linker is a bond or an alkylene, saturated or unsaturated, having 1-20 carbon atoms, optionally substituted by a heteroatom containing functional group selected from the group consisting amino, cyano, hydroxyl, sulfydryl, silyl, ether, crown ether, and a metal ligand, wherein each linker connects two X groups on adjacent monomers.