Darlington pair bipolar junction transistor sensor

A Darlington pair sensor, comprising:

• an amplifying bipolar junction transistor (BJT) horizontally disposed on a substrate, the amplifying BJT having a horizontal emitter, a horizontal base, a horizontal collector, and a common extrinsic base/collector, the common extrinsic base/collector being an amplifying BJT extrinsic base for the amplifying BJT and the common extrinsic base/collector being in contact with and disposed upon the horizontal base;
• a sensing BJT in a vertical orientation with respect to the amplifying BJT, the sensing BJT having a vertical emitter, a vertical base, an extrinsic vertical base separated into a left extrinsic vertical base and a right extrinsic vertical base, and the common extrinsic base/collector, the common extrinsic base/collector also being a sensing BJT collector for the sensing BJT, wherein the left extrinsic vertical base is in contact with a left side of the vertical base and the right extrinsic vertical base is in contact with a right side of the vertical base, and the left extrinsic vertical base and the right extrinsic vertical base are separated from one another by the vertical base;
• a sensing trench being a spatial void capable of receiving fluids containing one or more sensed substances, the sensing trench being adjacent to one of the left extrinsic vertical base and the right extrinsic vertical base, the one of the left extrinsic vertical base and the right extrinsic vertical base is a sensing extrinsic vertical base, the other one of the left extrinsic vertical base and the right extrinsic vertical base being a control extrinsic vertical base;
• and
• a sliver sensing surface, the sliver sensing surface being a conductive material between the sensing trench and the sensing extrinsic vertical base, and the sliver sensing surface being in electrical contact with the sensing extrinsic vertical base.

A sensor, comprising:

• a first Darlington pair sensor comprising:
• a first amplifying bipolar junction transistor (BJT) horizontally disposed on a substrate, the first amplifying BJT having a first horizontal emitter, a first horizontal base, a first horizontal collector, and a first common extrinsic base/collector, the first common extrinsic base/collector being a first amplifying BJT extrinsic base for the first amplifying BJT and the first common extrinsic base/collector being in contact with and disposed upon the first horizontal base;
• a first sensing BJT in a vertical orientation with respect to the first amplifying BJT, the first sensing BJT having a first vertical emitter, a first vertical base, a first extrinsic vertical base separated into a first left extrinsic vertical base and a first right extrinsic vertical base, and the first common extrinsic base/collector, the first common extrinsic base/collector also being a first sensing BJT collector for the first sensing BJT, wherein the first left extrinsic vertical base is in contact with a first left side of the first vertical base, and the first right extrinsic vertical base is in contact with a first right side of the first vertical base, and the first left extrinsic vertical base and the first right extrinsic vertical base are separated from one another by the first vertical base;
• a first sensing trench being a first spatial void capable of receiving a fluids containing one or more first sensed substances, the first sensing trench being adjacent to one of the first left extrinsic vertical base and the first right extrinsic vertical base, the one of the first left extrinsic vertical base and the first right extrinsic vertical base is a first sensing extrinsic vertical base, the other one of the first left extrinsic vertical base and the first right extrinsic vertical base being a first control extrinsic vertical base;
• and
• a first sliver sensing surface, the first sliver sensing surface being a first conductive material between the first sensing trench and the first sensing extrinsic vertical base, and the first sliver sensing surface being in electrical contact with the first sensing extrinsic vertical base;
• one or more second Darlington pair sensors, each of the one or more second Darlington pair sensors comprising:
• a second amplifying bipolar junction transistor (BJT) horizontally disposed on the substrate, the second amplifying BJT having a second horizontal emitter, a second horizontal base, a second horizontal collector, and a second common extrinsic base/collector, the second common extrinsic base/collector being a second amplifying BJT extrinsic base for the second amplifying BJT and the second common extrinsic base/collector being in contact with and disposed upon the second horizontal base;
• a second sensing BJT in a vertical orientation with respect to the second amplifying BJT, the second sensing BJT having a second vertical emitter, a second vertical base, a second extrinsic vertical base separated into a second left extrinsic vertical base and a second right extrinsic vertical base, and the second common extrinsic base/collector, the second common extrinsic base/collector also being a second sensing BJT collector for the second sensing BJT, wherein the second left extrinsic vertical base is in contact with a second left side of the second vertical base, and the second right extrinsic vertical base is in contact with a second right side of the second vertical base, and the second left extrinsic vertical base and the second right extrinsic vertical base are separated from one another by the second vertical base;
• a second sensing trench being a second spatial void capable of receiving the fluid, the fluid further containing one or more second sensed substances, the second sensing trench being adjacent to one of the second left extrinsic vertical base and the second right extrinsic vertical base, the one of the second left extrinsic vertical base and the second right extrinsic vertical base is a second sensing extrinsic vertical base, the other one of the second left extrinsic vertical base and the second right extrinsic vertical base being a second control extrinsic vertical base;
• and
• a second sliver sensing surface, the second sliver sensing surface being a second conductive material between the second sensing trench and the second sensing extrinsic vertical base, and the second sliver sensing surface being in electrical contact with the second sensing extrinsic vertical base,
• wherein the first sensing trench and the second sensing trench of each of the one or more second Darlington pair sensors are in fluid communication so that a common fluid stream of the fluid will flow through the first sensing trench and the second sensing trench of each of the one or more second Darlington pair sensors, respectively, with no or little resistance to fluid flow.