Lithium secondary battery

A lithium secondary battery, comprising:

• a cathode;
• an anode including an anode current collector and an anode active material;
• a separator disposed between the cathode and the anode;
• and
• an electrolyte liquid in contact with the cathode and the anode,
• wherein:
• the cathode includes a cathode current collector and a cathode active material layer disposed on the cathode current collector,
• the anode includes a material capable of forming an alloy with lithium during charge,
• the electrolyte liquid includes lithium ions and counter anions of the lithium ions,
• the electrolyte liquid contains at least one selected from the group consisting of phenanthrene, biphenyl, triphenylene, acenaphthene, acenaphthylene, fluoranthene, and benzyl,
• the electrolyte includes at least one selected from the group consisting of a cyclic ether, a glyme, and a sulfolane as the solvent thereof,
• the anode active material is disposed away from the anode current collector,
• the anode active material as a whole is separated from the anode current collector by the electrolyte liquid,
• in a charge state, a potential of the electrolyte liquid is lower than an equilibrium potential of the anode active material, and
• in a discharge state, the potential of the electrolyte liquid is higher than the equilibrium potential of the alloy of the anode active material with lithium.