System for manufacturing of three dimensional objects

A system for the manufacture of three-dimensional objects by layered deposition comprising of:

• a base substrate for the formation of three-dimensional objects placed on a supporting plate,
• a functional assembly comprising a gas-discharge electron beam gun with a cold annular cathode located between two annular anode electrodes coaxially placed relative to the cathode, and a feedstock supply guide to an area of formation of the melting pool, which is placed along an axis of the said electron beam gun,
• a power supply of the gas-discharge electron beam gun,
• a system of precise positioning of the supporting plate with the base substrate for the formation of three-dimensional objects,
• a vacuum tight operating chamber for enclosing of said base substrate on the supporting plate, said system of precise positioning and optionally enclosing of said electron beam gun, said feedstock and feed means for feeding of feedstock material,
• a vacuum subsystem for creation of a vacuum inside the operating chamber,
• a control system for controlling said gas-discharge electron beam gun, said power supply, said vacuum subsystem of said manufacturing system, and for monitoring of operating conditions,
• wherein an additional magnetic lens is placed on an underside of the electron beam gun coaxially with it and with the feedstock guide, the additional magnetic lens transforming a primary hollow electron beam, directly generated by the electron beam gun, to the shape of a hollow inverted cone after its leaving a discharge chamber of the electron gun, and allowing adjustment of an angle of inclination of a generating surface of this hollow cone by changing the current in the magnetic lens;
• and
• wherein an emission surface of the cold annular cathode is flat in a plane perpendicular to the axis of the electron beam gun and provides direct generation of the electron beam in the form of a hollow cylinder coaxial with the electron gun.