Cooperative polarization skylight background radiation measurement device and method

A cooperative polarization skylight background radiation measurement device, comprising a measurement probe, a lower computer control system, a two-dimensional turntable, a base and data transmission interface, as well as an upper computer, wherein the measurement probe is fixed to a pitch axis of a support, and is supported and driven by the two-dimensional turntable which is symmetrical U-shaped;

• three parallel light cylinders, a polarization imaging light cylinder, a visible light measurement light cylinder, and a near infrared measurement light cylinder, are assembled at a front end of the measurement probe;
• a division-of-focal plane polarization camera, a polarization wheel, and a double-path spectrometer are installed inside the measurement probe corresponding to the three parallel light cylinders, respectively;
• a fisheye lens is installed at a head part of the polarization imaging light cylinder, a band-pass filter is embedded into a middle part of the polarization imaging light cylinder, and the division-of-focal plane polarization camera is connected to a rear end of the polarization imaging light cylinder;
• the division-of-focal plane polarization camera is configured for polarized imaging of skylight background radiation, and has a black-and-white Complementary Metal-Oxide-Semiconductor (CMOS) sensor with 5 million pixels, and a microlens array and a polarizer array are integrated on a target surface of the division-of-focal plane polarization camera;
• the polarizer array is composed of wire-grid polarizers in four directions, with a transmission axis of 0°, 45°, −45° and 90°, respectively, each pixel corresponds to a polarization direction, and pixels of four polarization directions form a super pixel element for imaging calculation;
• when incident light reaches the polarizer array, a part of the incident light with a polarization direction perpendicular to a wire-grid axis passes through the polarizer array and is received by a photodiode in the CMOS sensor, and a part of the incident light with a polarization direction parallel to the wire-grid axis is reflected and absorbed;
• 12 holes, which are a pair of solid holes, a pair of 0° polarizer holes, a pair of 45° polarizer holes, a pair of through holes, a pair of 90° polarizer holes, and a pair of 135° polarizer holes, are formed in the polarization wheel, and each pair of holes is installed in a centrally symmetrical manner for measuring dark noise, four groups of polarized radiation, and background light.