Biosensors for detecting biomarkers and methods of fabricating and using the same
AssigneeThe Florida International University Board of Trustees
InventorsShahrzad Forouzanfar, Iman Khakpour, Nezih Pala, Chunlei Wang
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Abstract
Biosensors capable of detecting certain biomarkers (e.g., platelet-derived growth factor-BB (PDGF-BB)), as well as methods of fabricating the same and methods of using the same, are provided. The biosensors can be disposable and/or label-free. Electrochemical bipolar exfoliation can be used to exfoliate, reduce, and deposit (in a single step) graphene nanosheets on a desired substrate (e.g., an electrode). Affinity aptamers can be immobilized on the graphene nanosheets disposed on the substrate.
Claims12
A biosensor for detecting a biomarker, the biosensor comprising:
- an electrode comprising a metal;
- reduced graphene oxide (rGO) disposed on the electrode, the rGO comprising graphene nanosheets;
- and
- a plurality of aptamers disposed on the rGO, the plurality of aptamers being configured to bind to the biomarker,
- the plurality of aptamers being directly immobilized on the graphene nanosheets without any mediator or linking layer disposed therebetween,
- the rGO covering at least 90% of an upper surface of the metal of the electrode, and
- the rGO having a vertically aligned structure.
A biosensor for detecting a biomarker, the biosensor comprising:
- an electrode comprising a metal;
- reduced graphene oxide (rGO) disposed on the electrode, the rGO comprising graphene nanosheets;
- and
- a plurality of aptamers disposed on the rGO, the plurality of aptamers being configured to bind to the biomarker,
- the biomarker being platelet-derived growth factor-BB (PDGF-BB),
- the rGO covering at least 90% of an upper surface of the metal of the electrode,
- the rGO having a vertically aligned structure,
- the biosensor being label-free,
- the biosensor being disposable,
- the biosensor having a lower limit of detection for the biomarker of less than 1 picomolar (pM),
- the plurality of aptamers being directly immobilized on the graphene nanosheets without any mediator or linking layer disposed therebetween, and
- the electrode comprising either feature a) or feature b):
- a) the electrode comprising a substrate on which the metal is disposed, the metal being gold (Au), and the substrate being polyethylene terephthalate (PET);
- or
- b) the metal of the electrode being stainless steel (SS).
Dependencies are inferred from the claim text.