Energy augmentation structures, energy emitters or energy collectors containing the same, and their use in methods and systems for treating cell proliferation disorders

A method for treating a cell proliferation disorder in a subject, comprising:

• (1) administering to the subject at least one (i) energy emitter or (ii) energy collector, and at least one activatable pharmaceutical agent that is capable of effecting a predetermined cellular change when activated;
• wherein the (i) energy emitter, when present, comprises at least one energy augmentation structure capable of capturing one or more wavelengths of electromagnetic energy, and augmenting the one or more wavelengths of electromagnetic energy in at least one property;
• and an energy converter capable of receiving energy from an energy source, converting the energy and emitting therefrom an emitted light of a higher or lower energy than the received energy, and the energy converter being disposed in a vicinity of the at least one energy augmentation structure such that the emitted light is emitted with an intensity larger than if the energy converter were remote from the at least one energy augmentation structure, or if the energy augmentation structure were not present;
• wherein the (ii) energy collector, when present, comprises at least one energy augmentation structure;
• and at least one energy converter capable of receiving an applied electromagnetic energy, converting the applied electromagnetic energy and emitting therefrom an emitted electromagnetic energy shifted in wavelength or energy from the applied electromagnetic energy and the energy converter being disposed in a vicinity of the at least one energy augmentation structure such that the emitted electromagnetic energy is emitted with at least one augmented property compared to if the energy converter were remote from the at least one energy augmentation structure;
• and
• (2) applying an initiation energy from an initiation energy source to the subject, wherein the energy converter in the at least one energy emitter or at least one energy collector converts the applied initiation energy to UV-A or visible energy, which then activates the activatable agent in situ, wherein the energy converter is disposed in a vicinity of the at least one energy augmentation structure such that the emitted UV-A or visible energy is emitted with an intensity larger than if the energy converter were remote from the at least one energy augmentation structure, or if the energy augmentation structure were not present
• thus causing the predetermined cellular change to occur, wherein said predetermined cellular change treats the cell proliferation related disorder.

A method for treating a cell proliferation disorder in a subject, comprising:

• (1) administering to the subject at least one activatable pharmaceutical agent that is capable of effecting a predetermined cellular change when activated, and at least one (i) energy emitter, (ii) energy augmentation structure, or (iii) energy collector, wherein:
• the at least one (i) energy emitter, when present, comprises at least one energy augmentation structure capable of capturing one or more wavelengths of electromagnetic energy, and augmenting the one or more wavelengths of electromagnetic energy in at least one property;
• and an energy converter capable of receiving energy from an energy source, converting the energy and emitting therefrom an emitted light of a higher or lower energy than the received energy, and the energy converter being disposed in a vicinity of the at least one energy augmentation structure such that the emitted light is emitted with an intensity larger than if the energy converter were remote from the at least one energy augmentation structure, or if the energy augmentation structure were not present;
• the at least one (ii) energy augmentation structure, when present, is capable of capturing one or more wavelengths of electromagnetic energy, and augmenting the one or more wavelengths of electromagnetic energy in at least one property;
• the at least one (iii) energy collector, when present, comprises at least one energy augmentation structure capable of capturing one or more wavelengths of electromagnetic energy, and augmenting the one or more wavelengths of electromagnetic energy in at least one property;
• and at least one energy converter capable of receiving an applied electromagnetic energy, converting the applied electromagnetic energy and emitting therefrom an emitted electromagnetic energy shifted in wavelength or energy from the applied electromagnetic energy and the energy converter being disposed in a vicinity of the at least one energy augmentation structure such that the emitted electromagnetic energy is emitted with at least one augmented property compared to if the energy converter were remote from the at least one energy augmentation structure;
• and
• (2) applying an initiation energy from an initiation energy source to the subject,
• wherein the initiation energy applied and activatable pharmaceutical agent upon activation produce insufficient singlet oxygen in the subject to produce cell lysis, and wherein the initiation energy interacts with the at least one (i) energy emitter, (ii) energy augmentation structure, or (iii) energy collector, and activates the activatable pharmaceutical agent in situ,
• thus causing the predetermined cellular change to occur, wherein said predetermined cellular change treats the cell proliferation related disorder.

A method for treating a cell proliferation disorder in a subject, comprising:

• (1) modifying one or more cells to incorporate a photon emitting modification or substance;
• (2) inserting the modified cells at a targeted site of the subject;
• and administering at least one (i) energy emitter, (ii) energy augmentation structure, or (iii) energy collector, and at least one activatable pharmaceutical agent capable of being activated by the photons emitted from the modified cells after interaction of the photons with the energy emitter, the energy augmentation structure, or the energy collector, to cause a predetermined cellular change, wherein:
• the at least one (i) energy emitter, when present, comprises at least one energy augmentation structure capable of capturing one or more wavelengths of electromagnetic energy, and augmenting the one or more wavelengths of electromagnetic energy in at least one property;
• and an energy converter capable of receiving energy from an energy source, converting the energy and emitting therefrom an emitted light of a higher or lower energy than the received energy, and the energy converter being disposed in a vicinity of the at least one energy augmentation structure such that the emitted light is emitted with an intensity larger than if the energy converter were remote from the at least one energy augmentation structure, or if the energy augmentation structure were not present;
• the at least one (ii) energy augmentation structure, when present, is capable of capturing one or more wavelengths of electromagnetic energy, and augmenting the one or more wavelengths of electromagnetic energy in at least one property;
• the at least one (iii) energy collector, when present, comprises at least one energy augmentation structure capable of capturing one or more wavelengths of electromagnetic energy, and augmenting the one or more wavelengths of electromagnetic energy in at least one property;
• and at least one energy converter capable of receiving an applied electromagnetic energy, converting the applied electromagnetic energy and emitting therefrom an emitted electromagnetic energy shifted in wavelength or energy from the applied electromagnetic energy and the energy converter being disposed in a vicinity of the at least one energy augmentation structure such that the emitted electromagnetic energy is emitted with at least one augmented property compared to if the energy converter were remote from the at least one energy augmentation structure.

A method for generating an autovaccine for a subject, comprising:

• (1) providing a population of target cells;
• (2) treating the target cells ex vivo in an environment separate and isolated from the subject with a psoralen or a derivative thereof;
• (3) activating the psoralen or the derivative thereof with an UV-A source, in the presence of at least one (i) energy emitter, (ii) energy augmentation structure, or (iii) energy collector, to induce a predetermined cellular change in the target cells, wherein:
• the at least one (i) energy emitter, when present, comprises at least one energy augmentation structure capable of capturing one or more wavelengths of electromagnetic energy, and augmenting the one or more wavelengths of electromagnetic energy in at least one property;
• and an energy converter capable of receiving energy from an energy source, converting the energy and emitting therefrom an emitted light of a higher or lower energy than the received energy, and the energy converter being disposed in a vicinity of the at least one energy augmentation structure such that the emitted light is emitted with an intensity larger than if the energy converter were remote from the at least one energy augmentation structure, or if the energy augmentation structure were not present;
• the at least one (ii) energy augmentation structure, when present, is capable of capturing one or more wavelengths of electromagnetic energy, and augmenting the one or more wavelengths of electromagnetic energy in at least one property;
• the at least one (iii) energy collector, when present, comprises at least one energy augmentation structure capable of capturing one or more wavelengths of electromagnetic energy, and augmenting the one or more wavelengths of electromagnetic energy in at least one property;
• and at least one energy converter capable of receiving an applied electromagnetic energy, converting the applied electromagnetic energy and emitting therefrom an emitted electromagnetic energy shifted in wavelength or energy from the applied electromagnetic energy and the energy converter being disposed in a vicinity of the at least one energy augmentation structure such that the emitted electromagnetic energy is emitted with at least one augmented property compared to if the energy converter were remote from the at least one energy augmentation structure;
• (4) returning the thus changed cells back to the subject to induce in the subject an autovaccine effect against the target cell, wherein the changed cells act as an autovaccine.

A system for producing an auto-vaccine in a subject, comprising:

• at least one activatable pharmaceutical agent capable of inducing a predetermined cellular change in a target cell in said subject;
• at least one (i) energy emitter, (ii) energy augmentation structure, or (iii) energy collector, wherein:
• the at least one (i) energy emitter, when present, comprises at least one energy augmentation structure capable of capturing one or more wavelengths of electromagnetic energy, and augmenting the one or more wavelengths of electromagnetic energy in at least one property;
• and an energy converter capable of receiving energy from an energy source, converting the energy and emitting therefrom an emitted light of a higher or lower energy than the received energy, and the energy converter being disposed in a vicinity of the at least one energy augmentation structure such that the emitted light is emitted with an intensity larger than if the energy converter were remote from the at least one energy augmentation structure, or if the energy augmentation structure were not present;
• the at least one (ii) energy augmentation structure, when present, is capable of capturing one or more wavelengths of electromagnetic energy, and augmenting the one or more wavelengths of electromagnetic energy in at least one property;
• the at least one (iii) energy collector, when present, comprises at least one energy augmentation structure capable of capturing one or more wavelengths of electromagnetic energy, and augmenting the one or more wavelengths of electromagnetic energy in at least one property;
• and at least one energy converter capable of receiving an applied electromagnetic energy, converting the applied electromagnetic energy and emitting therefrom an emitted electromagnetic energy shifted in wavelength or energy from the applied electromagnetic energy and the energy converter being disposed in a vicinity of the at least one energy augmentation structure such that the emitted electromagnetic energy is emitted with at least one augmented property compared to if the energy converter were remote from the at least one energy augmentation structure;
• means for placing said at least one activatable pharmaceutical agent and said at least one (i) energy emitter, (ii) energy augmentation structure, or (iii) energy collector in said subject;
• and
• an initiation energy source to provide initiation energy capable, after interacting with the at least one (i) energy emitter, (ii) energy augmentation structure, or (iii) energy collector, of activating the at least one activatable pharmaceutical agent in said target cell, wherein activation is either direct or indirect.

A kit for performing a cell proliferation disorder treatment, comprising:

• at least one activatable pharmaceutical agent capable of causing a predetermined cellular change
• at least one (i) energy emitter, (ii) energy augmentation structure, or (iii) energy collector, wherein:
• the at least one (i) energy emitter, when present, comprises at least one energy augmentation structure capable of capturing one or more wavelengths of electromagnetic energy, and augmenting the one or more wavelengths of electromagnetic energy in at least one property;
• and an energy converter capable of receiving energy from an energy source, converting the energy and emitting therefrom an emitted light of a higher or lower energy than the received energy, and the energy converter being disposed in a vicinity of the at least one energy augmentation structure such that the emitted light is emitted with an intensity larger than if the energy converter were remote from the at least one energy augmentation structure, or if the energy augmentation structure were not present;
• the at least one (ii) energy augmentation structure, when present, is capable of capturing one or more wavelengths of electromagnetic energy, and augmenting the one or more wavelengths of electromagnetic energy in at least one property;
• the at least one (iii) energy collector, when present, comprises at least one energy augmentation structure capable of capturing one or more wavelengths of electromagnetic energy, and augmenting the one or more wavelengths of electromagnetic energy in at least one property;
• and at least one energy converter capable of receiving an applied electromagnetic energy, converting the applied electromagnetic energy and emitting therefrom an emitted electromagnetic energy shifted in wavelength or energy from the applied electromagnetic energy and the energy converter being disposed in a vicinity of the at least one energy augmentation structure such that the emitted electromagnetic energy is emitted with at least one augmented property compared to if the energy converter were remote from the at least one energy augmentation structure;
• and
• containers suitable for storing the agents in stable form.

A pharmaceutical composition for treating a cell proliferation disorder, comprising:

• at least one activatable pharmaceutical agent capable of causing a predetermined cellular change;
• at least one (i) energy emitter or (ii) energy collector, wherein:
• the at least one (i) energy emitter, when present, comprises at least one energy augmentation structure capable of capturing one or more wavelengths of electromagnetic energy, and augmenting the one or more wavelengths of electromagnetic energy in at least one property;
• and an energy converter capable of receiving energy from an energy source, converting the energy and emitting therefrom an emitted light of a higher or lower energy than the received energy, and the energy converter being disposed in a vicinity of the at least one energy augmentation structure such that the emitted light is emitted with an intensity larger than if the energy converter were remote from the at least one energy augmentation structure, or if the energy augmentation structure were not present;
• the at least one (ii) energy collector, when present, comprises at least one energy augmentation structure capable of capturing one or more wavelengths of electromagnetic energy, and augmenting the one or more wavelengths of electromagnetic energy in at least one property;
• and at least one energy converter capable of receiving an applied electromagnetic energy, converting the applied electromagnetic energy and emitting therefrom an emitted electromagnetic energy shifted in wavelength or energy from the applied electromagnetic energy and the energy converter being disposed in a vicinity of the at least one energy augmentation structure such that the emitted electromagnetic energy is emitted with at least one augmented property compared to if the energy converter were remote from the at least one energy augmentation structure;
• optionally, at least one additive having a complementary therapeutic or diagnostic effect, wherein said additive is at least one member selected from the group consisting of antioxidants, adjuvants, chemical energy sources, and combinations thereof;
• and
• a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier.

A method for treating a cell proliferation disorder in a subject, comprising:

• (1) administering to the subject at least one activatable pharmaceutical agent that is capable of effecting a predetermined cellular change when activated and at least one (i) energy emitter, or (ii) energy augmentation structure, or (iii) energy collector, wherein:
• the at least one (i) energy emitter, when present, comprises at least one energy augmentation structure capable of capturing one or more wavelengths of electromagnetic energy, and augmenting the one or more wavelengths of electromagnetic energy in at least one property;
• and an energy converter capable of receiving energy from an energy source, converting the energy and emitting therefrom an emitted light of a higher or lower energy than the received energy, and the energy converter being disposed in a vicinity of the at least one energy augmentation structure such that the emitted light is emitted with an intensity larger than if the energy converter were remote from the at least one energy augmentation structure, or if the energy augmentation structure were not present;
• the at least one (ii) energy augmentation structure, when present, is capable of capturing one or more wavelengths of electromagnetic energy, and augmenting the one or more wavelengths of electromagnetic energy in at least one property;
• the at least one (iii) energy collector, when present, comprises at least one energy augmentation structure capable of capturing one or more wavelengths of electromagnetic energy, and augmenting the one or more wavelengths of electromagnetic energy in at least one property;
• and at least one energy converter capable of receiving an applied electromagnetic energy, converting the applied electromagnetic energy and emitting therefrom an emitted electromagnetic energy shifted in wavelength or energy from the applied electromagnetic energy and the energy converter being disposed in a vicinity of the at least one energy augmentation structure such that the emitted electromagnetic energy is emitted with at least one augmented property compared to if the energy converter were remote from the at least one energy augmentation structure;
• and
• (2) administering an initiation energy source to the subject,
• wherein the initiation energy source interacts with the at least one (i) energy emitter, (ii) energy augmentation structure, or (iii) energy collector and produces an initiation energy that activates the activatable pharmaceutical agent in situ,
• thus causing the predetermined cellular change to occur, wherein said predetermined cellular change treats the cell proliferation related disorder.

A method for treating a cell proliferation disorder in a subject, comprising:

• (1) administering to the subject at least one activatable pharmaceutical agent that is capable of effecting a predetermined cellular change when activated and at least one (i) energy emitter, (ii) energy augmentation structure, or (iii) energy collector, wherein:
• the at least one (i) energy emitter, when present, comprises at least one energy augmentation structure capable of capturing one or more wavelengths of electromagnetic energy, and augmenting the one or more wavelengths of electromagnetic energy in at least one property;
• and an energy converter capable of receiving energy from an energy source, converting the energy and emitting therefrom an emitted light of a higher or lower energy than the received energy, and the energy converter being disposed in a vicinity of the at least one energy augmentation structure such that the emitted light is emitted with an intensity larger than if the energy converter were remote from the at least one energy augmentation structure, or if the energy augmentation structure were not present;
• the at least one (ii) energy augmentation structure, when present, is capable of capturing one or more wavelengths of electromagnetic energy, and augmenting the one or more wavelengths of electromagnetic energy in at least one property;
• the at least one (iii) energy collector, when present, comprises at least one energy augmentation structure capable of capturing one or more wavelengths of electromagnetic energy, and augmenting the one or more wavelengths of electromagnetic energy in at least one property;
• and at least one energy converter capable of receiving an applied electromagnetic energy, converting the applied electromagnetic energy and emitting therefrom an emitted electromagnetic energy shifted in wavelength or energy from the applied electromagnetic energy and the energy converter being disposed in a vicinity of the at least one energy augmentation structure such that the emitted electromagnetic energy is emitted with at least one augmented property compared to if the energy converter were remote from the at least one energy augmentation structure;
• and
• (2) indirectly applying an initiation energy from an initiation energy source to the at least one activatable pharmaceutical agent within the subject,
• and wherein the initiation energy interacts with the at least one energy emitter, at least one energy augmentation structure or at least one energy collector and activates the activatable pharmaceutical agent in situ,
• thus causing the predetermined cellular change to occur, wherein said predetermined cellular change treats the cell proliferation related disorder.

A method for causing apoptosis in a subject in vivo, comprising:

• (1) administering to the subject at least one pharmaceutical agent that is capable of inducing apoptosis and at least one (i) energy emitter, (ii) energy augmentation structure, or (iii) energy collector, wherein:
• the at least one (i) energy emitter, when present, comprises at least one energy augmentation structure capable of capturing one or more wavelengths of electromagnetic energy, and augmenting the one or more wavelengths of electromagnetic energy in at least one property;
• and an energy converter capable of receiving energy from an energy source, converting the energy and emitting therefrom an emitted light of a higher or lower energy than the received energy, and the energy converter being disposed in a vicinity of the at least one energy augmentation structure such that the emitted light is emitted with an intensity larger than if the energy converter were remote from the at least one energy augmentation structure, or if the energy augmentation structure were not present;
• the at least one (ii) energy augmentation structure, when present, is capable of capturing one or more wavelengths of electromagnetic energy, and augmenting the one or more wavelengths of electromagnetic energy in at least one property;
• the at least one (iii) energy collector, when present, comprises at least one energy augmentation structure capable of capturing one or more wavelengths of electromagnetic energy, and augmenting the one or more wavelengths of electromagnetic energy in at least one property;
• and at least one energy converter capable of receiving an applied electromagnetic energy, converting the applied electromagnetic energy and emitting therefrom an emitted electromagnetic energy shifted in wavelength or energy from the applied electromagnetic energy and the energy converter being disposed in a vicinity of the at least one energy augmentation structure such that the emitted electromagnetic energy is emitted with at least one augmented property compared to if the energy converter were remote from the at least one energy augmentation structure;
• and
• (2) causing the at least one pharmaceutical agent to induce apoptosis in vivo.

A method for treating a condition, disorder or disease comprising:

• administering to a subject in need thereof at least one (i) energy emitter, (ii) energy augmentation structure, or (iii) energy collector, wherein:
• the at least one (i) energy emitter, when present, comprises at least one energy augmentation structure capable of capturing one or more wavelengths of electromagnetic energy, and augmenting the one or more wavelengths of electromagnetic energy in at least one property;
• and an energy converter capable of receiving energy from an energy source, converting the energy and emitting therefrom an emitted light of a higher or lower energy than the received energy, and the energy converter being disposed in a vicinity of the at least one energy augmentation structure such that the emitted light is emitted with an intensity larger than if the energy converter were remote from the at least one energy augmentation structure, or if the energy augmentation structure were not present;
• the at least one (ii) energy augmentation structure, when present, is capable of capturing one or more wavelengths of electromagnetic energy, and augmenting the one or more wavelengths of electromagnetic energy in at least one property;
• the at least one (iii) energy collector, when present, comprises at least one energy augmentation structure capable of capturing one or more wavelengths of electromagnetic energy, and augmenting the one or more wavelengths of electromagnetic energy in at least one property;
• and at least one energy converter capable of receiving an applied electromagnetic energy, converting the applied electromagnetic energy and emitting therefrom an emitted electromagnetic energy shifted in wavelength or energy from the applied electromagnetic energy and the energy converter being disposed in a vicinity of the at least one energy augmentation structure such that the emitted electromagnetic energy is emitted with at least one augmented property compared to if the energy converter were remote from the at least one energy augmentation structure;
• and
• causing a predetermined change to occur in the subject by providing an activation energy sufficient to cause said predetermined change either directly or upon interaction with the at least one (i) energy emitter, (ii) energy augmentation structure, or (iii) energy collector, wherein the activation energy is generated in-situ in said subject, wherein said predetermined change treats the condition, disorder or disease.