# US 12,120,849 B2 · Porous spreader assisted jet and spray impingement cooling systems > Agents: this data is available as JSON from the patentgrep API and MCP server — see https://patentgrep.com/llms.txt - Number: US 12,120,849 B2 - Document ID: US12120849B2 - Status: Granted - Kind: B2 - Application number: 17/784,868 - Filed: 2020-12-11 - Published: 2023-01-12 - Granted: 2024-10-15 - Earliest claimed: 2019-12-13 - Assignees: Magna International Inc. - Applicants: Magna International Inc.; Ram Balachandar; Abishek Sridhar; Lakshmi Varaha Iyer; Gerd Schlager - Inventors: Ram Balachandar; Abishek Sridhar; Lakshmi Varaha Iyer; Gerd Schlager - Web page: https://patentgrep.com/patent/US12120849B2 ## CPC - H05K 7/20345: {Sprayers; Atomizers} - H10W 40/475: {using jet impingement (H10W40/776 takes precedence)} - B05B 1/02: designed to produce a jet, spray, or other discharge of particular shape or nature, e.g. in single drops, {or having an outlet of particular shape}(B05B1/26, B05B1/28, B05B1/34 take precedence) - F28F 13/003: {by using permeable mass, perforated or porous materials (F28F13/18 takes precedence)} - F28F 13/12: by creating turbulence, e.g. by stirring, by increasing the force of circulation (F28F13/08 takes precedence) - H05K 7/2039: {characterised by the heat transfer by conduction from the heat generating element to a dissipating body (arrangements for increasing/decreasing heat-transfer, e.g. fins details, F28F13/00)} - H10W 40/257: {having a heterogeneous or anisotropic structure, e.g. powder or fibres in a matrix, wire mesh or porous structures (H10W40/254, H10W40/251 take precedence)} - F28D 15/0233: {the conduits having a particular shape, e.g. non-circular cross-section, annular (F28D15/0241, F28D15/0266 take precedence)} - F28D 2021/0029: {Heat sinks} - H05K: PRINTED CIRCUITS; CASINGS OR CONSTRUCTIONAL DETAILS OF ELECTRIC APPARATUS; MANUFACTURE OF ASSEMBLAGES OF ELECTRICAL COMPONENTS - H10W: GENERIC PACKAGES, INTERCONNECTIONS, CONNECTORS OR OTHER CONSTRUCTIONAL DETAILS OF DEVICES COVERED BY CLASS H10 - B05B: SPRAYING APPARATUS; ATOMISING APPARATUS; NOZZLES (spray-mixers with nozzles B01F25/72; processes for applying liquids or other fluent materials to surfaces by spraying B05D) - F28F: DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION (water and air traps, air venting F16) - F28D: HEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUBCLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA DO NOT COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT (fluid heaters having heat generating means and heat transferring means F24H; furnaces F27; details of heat-exchange apparatus of general) ## Abstract An impingement cooling system includes a porous heat spreader and a nozzle configured to direct a fluid as a jet and/or as a spray impinging upon the porous heat spreader. The porous heat spreader is made of a thermally-conductive material such as a metal, metal alloy, carbon/graphite, or ceramic, and is in thermal contact with a heat source. The nozzle may be configured to direct the fluid as a jet comprising a single component liquid or gas (including air) or a liquid mixture such as water-glycol or other coolants. The nozzle may be configured to direct the fluid as a spray comprising a single component liquid or gas (including air) or a liquid mixture such as water-glycol or other coolants. The cooling system may include one or more nozzles, which may direct the cooling fluid orthogonally or at an oblique angle to an impingement plate. ## Claims ### Claim 1 An impingement cooling system comprising: a porous heat spreader in thermal contact with a heat source; and a nozzle configured to direct a fluid as a jet or a spray impinging upon the porous heat spreader, wherein the porous heat spreader has a first porosity at a first location where the fluid impinges thereupon, wherein the porous heat spreader has a second porosity, less than the first porosity, at a second location spaced apart from the first location, wherein the porous heat spreader has a third porosity, greater than the second porosity, at a third location, and wherein the second location is between the first location and the third location. ### Claim 2 (depends on 1) The impingement cooling system of claim 1, wherein the nozzle is one of two or more nozzles. ### Claim 3 (depends on 1) The impingement cooling system of claim 1, wherein the porous heat spreader is made of one of: a metal, a metal alloy, carbon, graphite, or ceramic. ### Claim 4 (depends on 1) The impingement cooling system of claim 1, wherein the fluid is configured to undergo a phase change from a liquid to a gas on or within the porous heat spreader. ### Claim 5 (depends on 1) The impingement cooling system of claim 1, wherein the nozzle is configured to direct the fluid orthogonally to an impingement plate. ### Claim 6 (depends on 1) The impingement cooling system of claim 1, wherein the nozzle is configured to direct the fluid at an oblique angle to an impingement plate. ### Claim 7 (depends on 1) The impingement cooling system of claim 1, wherein the porous heat spreader is anisotropic. ### Claim 8 (depends on 7) The impingement cooling system of claim 7, wherein the porous heat spreader has a spatially-varying microstructure and porosity. ### Claim 9 (depends on 7) The impingement cooling system of claim 7, wherein the porous heat spreader has first porosity at a first location where the fluid impinges thereupon, and wherein the porous heat spreader has a second porosity, less than the first porosity, at a second location spaced apart from the first location. ### Claim 10 (depends on 9) The impingement cooling system of claim 9, wherein the porous heat spreader has a third porosity greater than the second porosity at a third location, wherein the second location is between the first location and the third location. ### Claim 11 (depends on 1) The impingement cooling system of claim 1, wherein the porous heat spreader has a monolithic structure. ### Claim 12 (depends on 1) The impingement cooling system of claim 1, wherein the porous heat spreader is one of a plurality of discrete porous heat spreaders, with each of the discrete porous heat spreaders configured to conduct heat from a common heat source. ### Claim 13 (depends on 1) The impingement cooling system of claim 1, wherein the porous heat spreader is one of a plurality of discrete porous heat spreaders, with the plurality of discrete porous heat spreaders configured to conduct heat from a plurality of independent heat sources. ### Claim 14 (depends on 1) The impingement cooling system of claim 1, wherein the porous heat spreader comprises a porous media that is one of: fibrous, a foam, a pin-fin matrix. ### Claim 15 An impingement cooling system comprising: a porous heat spreader in thermal contact with a heat source, wherein the porous heat spreader has at least one spatially-varying property; and a nozzle configured to direct a fluid as a jet or a spray impinging upon the porous heat spreader, wherein the at least one spatially-varying property includes at least one of a microstructure or a porosity, wherein the at least one spatially-varying property has a first value at a first location where the fluid impinges thereupon, wherein the at least one spatially-varying property has a second value, less than the first value, at a second location spaced apart from the first location, wherein the at least one spatially-varying property has a third value, greater than the second value, at a third location, and wherein the second location is between the first location and the third location. ### Claim 16 (depends on 15) The impingement cooling system of claim 15, wherein the at least one spatially-varying property includes both the microstructure and the porosity. ### Claim 17 (depends on 15) The impingement cooling system of claim 15, wherein the porous heat spreader has first porosity at a first location where the fluid impinges thereupon, and wherein the porous heat spreader has a second porosity, less than the first porosity, at a second location spaced apart from the first location. ### Claim 18 (depends on 17) The impingement cooling system of claim 17, wherein the porous heat spreader has a third porosity greater than the second porosity at a third location, wherein the second location is between the first location and the third location. ### Claim 19 (depends on 15) The impingement cooling system of claim 15, wherein the nozzle is configured to direct the fluid at an oblique angle to an impingement plate.