# US 12,119,886 B2 · Systems and methods for integrating ultra-wideband and free space optical communications

> Agents: this data is available as JSON from the patentgrep API and MCP server — see https://patentgrep.com/llms.txt

- Number: US 12,119,886 B2
- Document ID: US12119886B2
- Status: Granted
- Kind: B2
- Application number: 17/886,150
- Filed: 2022-08-11
- Published: 2024-02-15
- Granted: 2024-10-15
- Earliest claimed: 2022-08-11
- Assignees: King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals
- Applicants: King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals
- Inventors: Khurram Karim Qureshi; Jawad Ahmad; Salman Ghafoor
- Web page: https://patentgrep.com/patent/US12119886B2

## CPC

- H04B 13/005: {Transmission systems in which the medium consists of the human body}
- H04B 10/112: Line-of-sight transmission over an extended range
- H04B 1/7163: using impulse radio
- H04B 10/11: Arrangements specific to free-space transmission, i.e. transmission through air or vacuum
- H04B: TRANSMISSION

## Abstract

A body area network (BAN) architecture including a plurality of ultra-wideband (UWB) BAN node devices, a control node device, and a remote node device is described. The plurality of UWB BAN node devices measures real-time physiological data of a patient and transmits the physiological data to the control node device using UWB signals. The control node device encodes the UWB signals using an spectral amplitude coding-optical code division multiple access (SAC-OCDMA) encoder, modulates the encoded UWB signals using an on-off keying (OOK) scheme, combines the modulated UWB signals into an optical signal using an optical coupler, and transmits the combined optical signal through a free space optical (FSO) link to the remote node device. The remote node device decodes the combined optical signal using an SAC-OCDMA decoder, converts the decoded optical signal into an electrical signal, and analyzes the physiological data based on the electrical signal.

## Claims

### Claim 1

A body area network (BAN) architecture, comprising:
a plurality of ultra-wideband (UWB) BAN node devices configured to
measure real-time physiological data of a patient, and
transmit the physiological data using UWB signals;
a control node device configured to
receive the UWB signals transmitted from the plurality of UWB BAN node devices,
encode the UWB signals using a spectral amplitude coding-optical code division multiple access (SAC-OCDMA) encoder,
modulate the encoded UWB signals using an on-off keying (OOK) scheme,
combine the modulated UWB signals into an optical signal using an optical coupler, and
transmit the combined optical signal through a free space optics (FSO) link; and
a remote node device configured to
receive the combined optical signal transmitted from the control node device,
decode the combined optical signal using an SAC-OCDMA decoder,
convert the decoded optical signal into an electrical signal, and
analyze the physiological data of the patient based on the electrical signal.

### Claim 2 (depends on 1)

The BAN architecture of claim 1, wherein each of the UWB signals operates at a different carrier frequency.

### Claim 3 (depends on 1)

The BAN architecture of claim 1, wherein the SAC-OCDMA encoder includes a continuous wave (CW) laser array that generates two wavelengths for each of the UWB signals.

### Claim 4 (depends on 1)

The BAN architecture of claim 1, wherein the modulated UWB signals are combined into the optical signal based on a double weight zero cross-correlation (DW-ZCC) code scheme.

### Claim 5 (depends on 1)

The BAN architecture of claim 1, wherein the encoded UWB signals are modulated using a plurality of Mach-Zehnder modulators (MZMs).

### Claim 6 (depends on 1)

The BAN architecture of claim 1, wherein the combined optical signal is transmitted by a transmitter telescope and is received by a receiver telescope, the transmitter and receiver telescopes being connected to the control node and remote node devices through respective single-mode fibers, respectively.

### Claim 7 (depends on 1)

The BAN architecture of claim 1, wherein the SAC-OCDMA decoder includes a wavelength division multiplexing (WDM) de-multiplexer that de-multiplexes the combined optical signal.

### Claim 8 (depends on 7)

The BAN architecture of claim 7, wherein the remote node device includes a plurality of optical coupler, each optical coupler being associated with a respective one of the UWB signals and being configured to combine wavelengths of the de-multiplexed optical signal corresponding to the respective one of the UWB signals.

### Claim 9 (depends on 1)

The BAN architecture of claim 1, wherein the decoded optical signal is converted into the electrical signal through a positive-intrinsic-negative (PIN) photo-detector, a direct current (DC) block circuit, an electrical amplifier, an electrical splitter, and an electrical low pass filter.

### Claim 10 (depends on 1)

The BAN architecture of claim 1, wherein the physiological data of the patient is analyzed based on the electrical signal being input to a bit rate error (BER) estimator.

### Claim 11

A method for a body area network (BAN) architecture including a plurality of ultra-wideband (UWB) BAN node devices, a control node device, and a remote node device, the method comprising:
measuring, by the plurality of UWB BAN node devices, real-time physiological data of a patient;
transmitting, from the plurality of UWB BAN node devices to the control node device, the physiological data using UWB signals;
encoding, by the control node device, the UWB signals using a spectral amplitude coding-optical code division multiple access (SAC-OCDMA) encoder;
modulating, by the control node device, the encoded UWB signals using an on-off keying (OOK) scheme;
combining, by the control node device, the modulated UWB signals into an optical signal using an optical coupler;
transmitting, from the control node device to the remote node device, the combined optical signal through a free space optics (FSO) link;
decoding, by the remote node device, the combined optical signal using an SAC-OCDMA decoder;
converting, by the remote node device, the decoded optical signal into an electrical signal; and
analyzing, by the remote node device, the physiological data of the patient based on the electrical signal.

### Claim 12 (depends on 11)

The method of claim 11, wherein each of the UWB signals operates at a different carrier frequency.

### Claim 13 (depends on 11)

The method of claim 11, wherein the SAC-OCDMA encoder includes a continuous wave (CW) laser array that generates two wavelengths for each of the UWB signals.

### Claim 14 (depends on 11)

The method of claim 11, wherein the modulated UWB signals are combined into the optical signal based on a double weight zero cross-correlation (DW-ZCC) code scheme.

### Claim 15 (depends on 11)

The method of claim 11, wherein the encoded UWB signals are modulated using a plurality of Mach-Zehnder modulators (MZMs).

### Claim 16 (depends on 11)

The method of claim 11, wherein the combined optical signal is transmitted by a transmitter telescope and is received by a receiver telescope, the transmitter and receiver telescopes being connected to the control node and remote node devices through respective single-mode fibers, respectively.

### Claim 17 (depends on 11)

The method of claim 11, wherein the SAC-OCDMA decoder includes a wavelength division multiplexing (WDM) de-multiplexer that de-multiplexes the combined optical signal.

### Claim 18 (depends on 17)

The method of claim 17, wherein the remote node device includes a plurality of optical coupler, each optical coupler being associated with a respective one of the UWB signals and being configured to combine wavelengths of the de-multiplexed optical signal corresponding to the respective one of the UWB signals.

### Claim 19 (depends on 11)

The method of claim 11, wherein the decoded optical signal is converted into the electrical signal through a positive-intrinsic-negative (PIN) photo-detector, a direct current (DC) block circuit, an electrical amplifier, an electrical splitter, and an electrical low pass filter.

### Claim 20 (depends on 11)

The BAN architecture of claim 11, wherein the physiological data of the patient is analyzed based on the electrical signal being input to a bit rate error (BER) estimator.