# US 12,119,834 B2 · Circuitry comprising a loop filter

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- Number: US 12,119,834 B2
- Document ID: US12119834B2
- Status: Granted
- Kind: B2
- Application number: 17/898,635
- Filed: 2022-08-30
- Published: 2023-05-04
- Granted: 2024-10-15
- Earliest claimed: 2021-11-03
- Assignees: Cirrus Logic, Inc.
- Applicants: Cirrus Logic International Semiconductor Ltd.
- Inventors: John L. Melanson; Eric J. King; Thomas H. Hoff; Lingli Zhang
- Web page: https://patentgrep.com/patent/US12119834B2

## CPC

- H03M 1/0626: {by filtering}
- H03M 1/0612: {over the full range of the converter, e.g. for correcting differential non-linearity}
- H03M 1/822: {using pulse width modulation}
- H03M: CODING; DECODING; CODE CONVERSION IN GENERAL (using fluidic means F15C4/00; optical analogue/digital converters G02F7/00; coding, decoding or code conversion, specially adapted for particular applications, see the relevant subclasses, e.g. G01D, G01R, G06F, G06T, G09G, G10L, G11B, G11C, H04B, H04L, H04M, H04N; ciphering or deciphering for cryptography or other purposes involving the need for secrecy G09C)

## Abstract

Pulse width modulation (PWM) driver circuitry comprising: a loop filter configured to receive an analog input signal and to output a digital loop filter output signal based on the analog input signal and an analog feedback signal; and a PWM modulator configured to receive a digital signal based on the digital loop filter output signal and to output a PWM signal, wherein the PWM driver circuitry further comprises a feedback path coupled to an output of the PWM driver circuitry for the analog feedback signal.

## Claims

### Claim 1

Pulse width modulation (PWM) driver circuitry comprising:
a loop filter configured to receive an analog input signal and to output a digital loop filter output signal based on the analog input signal and an analog feedback signal; and
a PWM modulator configured to receive a digital signal based on the digital loop filter output signal and to output a PWM signal,
wherein the PWM driver circuitry further comprises a feedback path coupled to an output of the PWM driver circuitry for the analog feedback signal.

### Claim 2 (depends on 1)

PWM driver circuitry according to claim 1, further comprising a digital feedforward path configured to receive a digital input signal and to output a digital feedforward signal, wherein the digital signal received by the PWM modulator is based on the digital loop filter output signal and the digital feedforward signal.

### Claim 3 (depends on 1)

PWM driver circuitry according to claim 1, further comprising a power driver configured to receive the PWM signal output by the PWM modulator and to generate a drive signal for driving a load coupled to the PWM driver circuitry.

### Claim 4 (depends on 3)

PWM driver circuitry according to claim 3, wherein an output of the power driver is coupled to the output of the PWM driver circuitry, such that the feedback path for the analog feedback signal receives the drive signal.

### Claim 5 (depends on 3)

PWM driver circuitry according to claim 3, wherein the power driver comprises multi-level converter (MLC) circuitry.

### Claim 6 (depends on 3)

PWM driver circuitry according to claim 3, further comprising a digital feedforward path configured to receive a digital input signal and to output a digital feedforward signal, wherein the digital signal received by the PWM modulator is based on the digital loop filter output signal and the digital feedforward signal, wherein the digital feedforward path comprises a digital correction element configured to apply a correction to a signal in the digital feedforward path to correct or compensate, at least partially, for error introduced by the power driver and/or the load.

### Claim 7 (depends on 6)

PWM driver circuitry according to claim 6, wherein the digital correction element comprises one or more of:
a digital gain element for applying a digital gain to the signal in the digital feedforward path; and
an adaptive digital filter.

### Claim 8 (depends on 1)

PWM driver circuitry according to claim 1, wherein the PWM driver circuitry further comprises input digital to analog converter (DAC) circuitry configured to receive a digital input signal and to output the analog input signal to the loop filter.

### Claim 9 (depends on 1)

PWM driver circuitry according to claim 1, wherein the loop filter comprises analog integrator circuitry and analog to digital converter circuitry.

### Claim 10 (depends on 9)

PWM driver circuitry according to claim 9, wherein the loop filter comprises:
first analog integrator circuitry configured to receive the analog input signal and to output a first integrated analog output signal;
second analog integrator circuitry having an input coupled to an output of the first analog integrator circuitry, the second analog integrator circuitry configured to output a second integrated analog output signal;
third analog integrator circuitry having an input coupled to an output of the second analog integrator circuitry, the third analog integrator circuitry configured to output a third integrated analog output signal;
a first analog signal path having an input coupled to the output of the first analog integrator circuitry, the first analog signal path comprising a first analog correction element;
a second analog signal path having an input coupled to the output of the second analog integrator circuitry, the second analog signal path comprising a second analog correction element;
a third analog signal path having an input coupled to the output of the third analog integrator circuitry, the third analog signal path comprising a third analog correction element;
an analog summing node configured to receive output signals of the first, second and third analog signal paths and to output a combined analog output signal; and
analog to digital converter circuitry coupled to an output of the analog summing node and configured to convert the combined analog output signal into the digital loop filter output signal.

### Claim 11 (depends on 9)

PWM driver circuitry according to claim 9, wherein the loop filter further comprises digital integrator circuitry.

### Claim 12 (depends on 11)

PWM driver circuitry according to claim 11, wherein the loop filter comprises:
first analog integrator circuitry configured to receive the analog input signal and to output a first integrated analog output signal;
second analog integrator circuitry having an input coupled to an output of the first analog integrator circuitry, the second analog integrator circuitry configured to output a second integrated analog output signal;
a first analog signal path having an input coupled to the output of the first analog integrator circuitry, the first analog signal path comprising a first analog correction element;
a second analog signal path having an input coupled to an output of the second analog integrator circuitry, the second analog signal path comprising a second analog correction element;
an analog summing node configured to receive output signals of the first and second analog signal paths and to output a combined analog output signal;
analog to digital converter (ADC) circuitry coupled to an output of the analog summing node and configured to convert the combined analog output signal into an intermediate digital output signal;
digital integrator circuitry coupled to an output of the ADC circuitry to receive the intermediate digital output signal, the digital integrator circuitry configured to output an integrated digital signal;
a digital signal path having an input coupled to the output of the ADC circuitry, the digital signal path comprising a digital correction element; and
a digital summing node configured to combine the integrated digital signal with an output signal from the digital signal path to generate the digital loop filter output signal.

### Claim 13 (depends on 11)

PWM driver circuitry according to claim 11, wherein the loop filter comprises:
first analog integrator circuitry configured to receive the analog input signal and to output a first integrated analog output signal;
second analog integrator circuitry having an input coupled to an output of the first analog integrator circuitry, the second analog integrator circuitry configured to output a second integrated analog output signal;
first analog to digital converter (ADC) circuitry having an input coupled to the output of the second analog integrator circuitry;
second analog to digital converter (ADC) circuitry having an input coupled to an output of the first analog integrator circuitry;
digital integrator circuitry configured to receive a digital signal output by the first ADC circuitry and to output an integrated digital signal;
a digital signal path having an input coupled to an output of the first ADC circuitry, the digital signal path comprising a digital correction element; and
a digital summing node configured to combine the integrated digital signal with an output signal from the digital signal path to generate the digital loop filter output signal.

### Claim 14 (depends on 13)

PWM driver circuitry according to claim 13, wherein a sampling rate of the first ADC circuitry is different from a sampling rate of the second ADC circuitry.

### Claim 15 (depends on 9)

PWM driver circuitry according to claim 9, wherein the loop filter comprises:
first analog integrator circuitry configured to receive the analog input signal and to output a first integrated analog output signal;
second analog integrator circuitry having an input coupled to an output of the first analog integrator circuitry, the second analog integrator circuitry configured to output a second integrated analog output signal;
third analog integrator circuitry having an input coupled to an output of the second analog integrator circuitry, the third analog integrator circuitry configured to output a third integrated analog output signal;
first analog to digital converter (ADC) circuitry having an input coupled to the output of the first analog integrator circuitry;
second analog to digital converter (ADC) circuitry having an input coupled to the output of the second analog integrator circuitry;
third analog to digital converter (ADC) circuitry having an input coupled to an output of the first analog integrator circuitry;
a first digital signal path having an input coupled to the output of the first ADC circuitry, the first digital signal path comprising a first digital correction element;
a second digital signal path having an input coupled to the output of the second ADC circuitry, the second digital signal path comprising a second digital correction element;
a third digital signal path having an input coupled to the output of the third ADC circuitry, the third digital signal path comprising a third digital correction element; and
a digital summing node configured to combine output signals of the first, second and third digital signal paths to generate the digital loop filter output signal.

### Claim 16 (depends on 15)

PWM driver circuitry according to claim 15, wherein a sampling rate of the first ADC circuitry is different from a sampling rate of the second ADC circuitry, and/or wherein the sampling rate of the second ADC circuitry is different from a sampling rate of the third ADC circuitry.

### Claim 17 (depends on 9)

PWM driver circuitry according to claim 9, wherein the loop filter comprises:
first analog integrator circuitry;
second analog integrator circuitry;
multiplexer circuitry having inputs coupled to outputs of the first and second analog integrator circuitry;
analog to digital converter (ADC) circuitry having an input coupled to an output of the multiplexer circuitry;
a first digital signal path comprising a first digital correction element coupled to the output of the ADC circuitry;
a second digital signal path comprising a second digital correction element coupled to the output of the ADC circuitry; and
a digital summing node configured to combine output signals of the first and second digital signal paths and output a combined digital signal.

### Claim 18 (depends on 17)

PWM driver circuitry according to claim 17, wherein a sampling rate of the ADC circuitry is variable based on which of the inputs of the multiplexer circuitry is selected by the multiplexer circuitry.

### Claim 19 (depends on 1)

An integrated circuit comprising PWM driver circuitry according to claim 1.

### Claim 20 (depends on 1)

PWM driver circuitry according to claim 1, wherein the loop filter comprises integrator circuitry and analog to digital converter (ADC) circuitry.

### Claim 21

A hybrid loop filter comprising:
an input for receiving an analog input signal;
an analog integrator for receiving the analog input signal and generating an integrated analog signal; and
an analog to digital converter for converting the integrated analog signal into a digital loop filter output signal.

### Claim 22 (depends on 21)

A hybrid loop filter according to claim 21, wherein the hybrid loop filter comprises:
first analog integrator circuitry configured to receive the analog input signal and to output a first integrated analog output signal;
second analog integrator circuitry having an input coupled to an output of the first analog integrator circuitry, the second analog integrator circuitry configured to output a second integrated analog output signal;
third analog integrator circuitry having an input coupled to an output of the second analog integrator circuitry, the third analog integrator circuitry configured to output a third integrated analog output signal;
a first analog signal path having an input coupled to the output of the first analog integrator circuitry, the first analog signal path comprising a first analog correction element;
a second analog signal path having an input coupled to the output of the second analog integrator circuitry, the second analog signal path comprising a second analog correction element;
a third analog signal path having an input coupled to the output of the third analog integrator circuitry, the third analog signal path comprising a third analog correction element;
an analog summing node configured to receive output signals of the first, second and third analog signal paths and to output a combined analog output signal; and
analog to digital converter circuitry coupled to an output of the analog summing node and configured to convert the combined analog output signal into the digital loop filter output signal.

### Claim 23 (depends on 21)

A hybrid loop filter according to claim 21, wherein the hybrid loop filter further comprises digital integrator circuitry.

### Claim 24 (depends on 23)

A hybrid loop filter according to claim 23, wherein the hybrid loop filter comprises:
first analog integrator circuitry configured to receive the analog input signal and to output a first integrated analog output signal;
second analog integrator circuitry having an input coupled to an output of the first analog integrator circuitry, the second analog integrator circuitry configured to output a second integrated analog output signal;
a first analog signal path having an input coupled to the output of the first analog integrator circuitry, the first analog signal path comprising a first analog correction element;
a second analog signal path having an input coupled to an output of the second analog integrator circuitry, the second analog signal path comprising a second analog correction element;
an analog summing node configured to receive output signals of the first and second analog signal paths and to output a combined analog output signal;
analog to digital converter (ADC) circuitry coupled to an output of the analog summing node and configured to convert the combined analog output signal into an intermediate digital output signal;
digital integrator circuitry coupled to an output of the ADC circuitry to receive the intermediate digital output signal, the digital integrator circuitry configured to output an integrated digital signal;
a digital signal path having an input coupled to the output of the ADC circuitry, the digital signal path comprising a digital correction element; and
a digital summing node configured to combine the integrated digital signal with an output signal from the digital signal path to generate the digital loop filter output signal.

### Claim 25 (depends on 23)

A hybrid loop filter according to claim 23, wherein the hybrid loop filter comprises:
first analog integrator circuitry configured to receive the analog input signal and to output a first integrated analog output signal;
second analog integrator circuitry having an input coupled to an output of the first analog integrator circuitry, the second analog integrator circuitry configured to output a second integrated analog output signal;
first analog to digital converter (ADC) circuitry having an input coupled to the output of the second analog integrator circuitry;
second analog to digital converter (ADC) circuitry having an input coupled to an output of the first analog integrator circuitry;
digital integrator circuitry configured to receive a digital signal output by the first ADC circuitry and to output an integrated digital signal;
a digital signal path having an input coupled to an output of the first ADC circuitry, the digital signal path comprising a digital correction element; and
a digital summing node configured to combine the integrated digital signal with an output signal from the digital signal path to generate the digital loop filter output signal.

### Claim 26 (depends on 21)

A hybrid loop filter according to claim 21, wherein the hybrid loop filter comprises:
first analog integrator circuitry configured to receive the analog input signal and to output a first integrated analog output signal;
second analog integrator circuitry having an input coupled to an output of the first analog integrator circuitry, the second analog integrator circuitry configured to output a second integrated analog output signal;
third analog integrator circuitry having an input coupled to an output of the second analog integrator circuitry, the third analog integrator circuitry configured to output a third integrated analog output signal;
first analog to digital converter (ADC) circuitry having an input coupled to the output of the first analog integrator circuitry;
second analog to digital converter (ADC) circuitry having an input coupled to the output of the second analog integrator circuitry;
third analog to digital converter (ADC) circuitry having an input coupled to an output of the first analog integrator circuitry;
a first digital signal path having an input coupled to the output of the first ADC circuitry, the first digital signal path comprising a first digital correction element;
a second digital signal path having an input coupled to the output of the second ADC circuitry, the second digital signal path comprising a second digital correction element;
a third digital signal path having an input coupled to the output of the third ADC circuitry, the third digital signal path comprising a third digital correction element; and
a digital summing node configured to combine output signals of the first, second and third digital signal paths to generate the digital loop filter output signal.

### Claim 27 (depends on 21)

A hybrid loop filter according to claim 21, wherein the hybrid loop filter comprises:
first analog integrator circuitry;
second analog integrator circuitry;
multiplexer circuitry having inputs coupled to outputs of the first and second analog integrator circuitry;
analog to digital converter (ADC) circuitry having an input coupled to an output of the multiplexer circuitry;
a first digital signal path comprising a first digital correction element coupled to the output of the ADC circuitry;
a second digital signal path comprising a second digital correction element coupled to the output of the ADC circuitry; and
a digital summing node configured to combine output signals of the first and second digital signal paths and output a combined digital signal.

### Claim 28 (depends on 21)

An integrated circuit comprising a hybrid loop filter according to claim 21.

### Claim 29 (depends on 21)

A host device comprising a hybrid loop filter according to claim 21.

### Claim 30 (depends on 29)

A host device according to claim 29, wherein the host device comprises a laptop, notebook, netbook or tablet computer, a gaming device, a games console, a controller for a games console, a virtual reality (VR) or augmented reality (AR) device, a mobile telephone, a portable audio player, a portable device, an accessory device for use with a laptop, notebook, netbook or tablet computer, a gaming device, a games console a VR or AR device, a mobile telephone, a portable audio player or other portable device.