# US 12,119,663 B2 · Method and device for energy harvesting and charging rechargeable energy storage devices

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- Number: US 12,119,663 B2
- Document ID: US12119663B2
- Status: Granted
- Kind: B2
- Application number: 17/611,963
- Filed: 2020-05-19
- Published: 2022-07-28
- Granted: 2024-10-15
- Earliest claimed: 2019-05-29
- Assignees: E-Peas S.A.
- Applicants: E-Peas S.A.
- Inventors: Julien De Vos; Geoffroy Gosset
- Web page: https://patentgrep.com/patent/US12119663B2

## CPC

- H02J 7/34: Parallel operation in networks using both storage and other DC sources, e.g. providing buffering (H02J7/14 takes precedence)
- H02J 50/001: {Energy harvesting or scavenging}
- H02J 7/342: {The other DC source being a battery actively interacting with the first one, i.e. battery to battery charging (with circuits for polarity protection H02J7/68)}
- H02J 7/50: acting upon multiple batteries simultaneously or sequentially
- H02J 7/82: Control of state of charge [SOC]
- H02J 7/855: {with circuits adapted for supplying loads from the battery}
- H02J 7/96: in response to battery voltage
- H02M 3/1582: {Buck-boost converters (H02M3/1584 takes precedence)}
- H02J 7/345: {using capacitors as storage or buffering devices}
- H02J 50/00: Circuit arrangements or systems for wireless supply or distribution of electric power
- H02J 50/20: using microwaves or radio frequency waves
- H02J 2207/20: Charging or discharging characterised by the power electronics converter
- H02J: ELECTRIC POWER NETWORKS; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02M: APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF (transformers H01F; dynamo-electric converters H02K47/00; controlling transformers, reactors or choke coils, control or regulation of electric motors, generators or dynamo-electric converters H02P)

## Abstract

A method for energy harvesting and charging energy storage devices is provided. The method uses a voltage converter system and includes the steps of monitoring a parameter VBatt1 indicative of a charging level of a first rechargeable storage device and of maintaining this parameter VBatt1 between a lower and an upper threshold value. The method further includes steps of charging a second rechargeable storage device and operating the voltage converter system for transferring charges from the second to the first rechargeable storage device. An integrated circuit for energy harvesting is provided in which a terminal connectable with a second rechargeable storage device is switchably coupled to both the input and the output of the voltage converter system.

## Claims

### Claim 1

A method for energy harvesting using a voltage converter system (20) for converting input power into output power and for charging at least a first (50) and a second (60) rechargeable storage device, said method comprises:
coupling a first power input path (31a) between an energy harvester (70) and the voltage converter system (20) for transferring input power from the energy harvester (70) to the voltage converter system,
monitoring a parameter VBatt1 and a parameter VBatt2 indicative of a charging level of respectively said first rechargeable storage device (50) and said second rechargeable storage device (60),
coupling the first rechargeable storage device (50) to an application load (90) such that the first rechargeable storage device when charged can supply power to the application load (90),
coordinating charging of the first (50) and the second (60) rechargeable storage device by repetitively performing sub-steps of:
1a) coupling a first power output path (32a) between the voltage converter system (20) and the first rechargeable storage device (50) for transferring output power from the voltage converter system to the first rechargeable storage device (50),
2a) operating the voltage converter system (20) for transferring charges from the energy harvester (70) to the first rechargeable storage device (50) so as to charge the first rechargeable storage device (50) with energy from the energy harvester (70), and operating the voltage converter system for charging the first rechargeable storage device until the parameter VBatt1 has reached an upper threshold value VBatt1-up,
3a) if VBatt1 has reached said upper threshold value VBatt1-up and if VBatt2 is below an upper threshold value VBatt2-max then
i) decoupling the first power output path (32a) and coupling a second power output path (32b) between the voltage converter system (20) and the second rechargeable storage device (60) for transferring output power from the voltage converter system to the second rechargeable storage device (60), and
ii) operating the voltage converter system (20) for transferring charges from the energy harvester (70) to the second rechargeable storage device (60) so as to charge the second rechargeable storage device (60) with energy from the energy harvester (70),
4a) if during the charging of the second (60) rechargeable storage device the parameter VBatt1 has subsequently decreased from the upper threshold value VBatt1-up down to a lower threshold value VBatt1-low, with VBatt1-low<VBatt1-up, then decoupling the second power output path (32b) and restart at step 1a),
transferring energy from the second rechargeable storage device (60) to the first rechargeable storage device (50) if i) the parameter VBatt1 of the first rechargeable storage device (50) has dropped below a critical threshold value VBatt1-SW, with VBatt1-SW<VBatt1-low, and if ii) the parameter VBatt2 is equal or above a predefined threshold value VBatt2-low, said transferring energy comprises sub-steps of:
1b) decoupling the first power input path (31a),
2b) coupling a second power input path (31b) between the second rechargeable storage device (60) and the voltage converter system (20) for transferring input power from the second rechargeable storage device (60) to the voltage converter system (20), and
3b) operating the voltage converter system (20) for charging the first rechargeable storage device (50) with energy from the second rechargeable storage device (60) until the parameter VBatt1 of the first rechargeable storage device (50) has reached said upper threshold value VBatt1-up.

### Claim 2 (depends on 1)

The method according to claim 1 wherein said second rechargeable storage device (60) has an energy storage capacity that is more than five times larger than the energy storage capacity of the first rechargeable storage device (50).

### Claim 3 (depends on 1)

The method according to claim 1 wherein said coordinating charging the first (50) and the second (60) rechargeable storage device comprises a sub-step of:
3a) iii) if VBatt2 has reached the upper threshold value VBatt2-max, then performing at least one of the following:
a) decoupling the second power output path (32b) and/or decoupling the first power input path (31a),
b) stop operating the voltage converter system (20), or
c) coupling the first power input path (31a) and coupling the first power output path (32b).

### Claim 4 (depends on 1)

The method according to claim 1 wherein said transferring energy from the second rechargeable storage device (60) to the first rechargeable storage device (50) comprise a further sub-step of:
4b) if the parameter VBatt1 has reached said upper threshold value VBatt1-up then performing one or a combination of the following steps:
i) decoupling the first power output path (32a) and/or decoupling the second power input path (31b),
ii) coupling the first power input path (31a) and coupling the second power output path (32b), or
iii) stop operating the voltage converter system (20).

### Claim 5 (depends on 1)

The method according to claim 1 further comprising
if the parameter VBatt1 has dropped below said critical threshold value VBatt1-SW and if the second rechargeable storage device (60) is not charged then decoupling the first power input path (31a) and coupling a third power input path (31c) between an auxiliary energy source and the voltage converter system for transferring input power from said auxiliary energy source to the voltage converter system (20), and operating the voltage converter system (20) for charging the first rechargeable storage device (50) with energy from said auxiliary energy source until the parameter VBatt1 of the first storage device (50) has reached said upper threshold value VBatt1-up.

### Claim 6 (depends on 1)

The method according to claim 1 comprising
precharging the second rechargeable storage device (60) by performing steps of:
i) coupling the second power output path (32b) between the voltage converter system (20) and the second rechargeable storage device (60) for transferring output power from the voltage converter system to the second rechargeable storage device (60), and
ii) operating the voltage converter system (20) for charging the second rechargeable storage device (60) with energy from the energy harvester (70) until the parameter VBatt2 has reached a predefined threshold value VBatt2-PC, with VBatt2-PC>VBatt2-low, and wherein said step of precharging is performed before performing said step of coordinating charging of the first (50) and the second (60) rechargeable storage device.

### Claim 7 (depends on 1)

The method according to claim 1 wherein said voltage converter system (20) comprises a voltage converter configured for converting input power received via the coupled power input path (31a, 31b, 31c) into output power outputted via the coupled power output path (32a, 32b, 32c), and wherein said voltage converter is one of the following: a boost voltage converter, a buck voltage converter or a buck-boost voltage converter.

### Claim 8

An integrated circuit (1) for energy harvesting comprising
a voltage converter system (20) suitable for converting input power into output power and suitable for charging at least two rechargeable storage devices,
a first terminal (11) connectable with an energy harvester (70),
a second terminal (12) connectable with a first rechargeable storage device (50),
a third terminal (13) connectable with a second rechargeable storage device (60),
a controller (40) for controlling said voltage converter system (20),
a plurality of power input paths comprising at least a first power input path (31a) for transferring input power from said first terminal (11) to the voltage converter system (20),
a plurality of power output paths comprising at least a first power output path (32a) for transferring output power from the voltage converter system (20) to said second terminal (12) and a second power output path (32b) for transferring output power from the voltage converter system to said third terminal (13),
a monitoring unit (45) coupled with said controller (40) and configured for monitoring a parameter VBatt1 and a parameter VBatt2 indicative of a charging level of respectively the first rechargeable storage device (50) and the second rechargeable storage device (60) when connected to respectively said second (12) and third terminal (13),
characterized in that said plurality of power input paths comprises a second power input path (31b) for transferring input power from said third terminal (13) to the voltage converter system (20), and in that the voltage converter system (20) comprises an input selection circuit (31) configured for selecting a power input path from said plurality of power input paths so as to receive an input power via the power input path selected and an output selection circuit (32) configured for selecting a power output path from said plurality of power output paths so as to output an output power via the power output path selected, and in that said controller (40) is configured to form and to switch between a number of specific combinations of a power input and a power output path based on a comparison of the parameter VBatt1 with first predefined threshold values and/or a comparison of the parameter VBatt2 with second predefined threshold values, and wherein said specific combinations comprise:
i) a first combination formed by selecting said first power input path (31a) and selecting said first power output path (32a),
ii) a second combination formed by selecting said first power input path (31a) and selecting said second power output path (32b), and
iii) a third combination formed by selecting said second power input path (31b) and selecting said first power output path (32a).

### Claim 9 (depends on 8)

The integrated circuit (1) according to claim 8 wherein said controller (40) is configured for performing:
selecting said first power input path (31a) and repetitively performing sub-steps of
A1) selecting said first power output path (32a),
A2) operating the voltage converter system (20) for converting input power received via the first power input path (31a) into output power outputted via the first power output path (32a),
A3) if VBatt1 becomes equal or larger than an upper threshold value VBatt1-up then de-selecting said first power output path (32a),
A4) if VBatt2 is lower than an upper threshold value VBatt2-max then
i) selecting said second power output path (32b),
ii) operating the voltage converter system (20) for converting input power received via the first power input path (31a) into output power outputted via the second power output path (32b), and
iii) if VBatt1 has subsequently decreased from the upper threshold value VBatt1-up down to a lower threshold value VBatt1-low, with VBatt1-low<VBatt1-up, then de-selecting said second power output path (32b) and restart with sub-step A1),
if VBatt1 has decreased from said lower threshold value VBatt1-low down to a critical threshold value VBatt1-SW, with VBatt1-SW<VBatt1-low, and if VBatt2 is above a lower threshold value VBatt2-low, with VBatt2-low<VBatt2-max, then performing sub-steps of
B1) selecting said second power input path (31b),
B2) selecting said first power output path (32a), and
B3) operating the voltage converter system (20) for converting input power received via the second power input path (31b) into output power outputted via the first power output path (32a).

### Claim 10 (depends on 9)

The integrated circuit (1) according to claim 9 wherein said sub-step A4) further comprises
A4) iv) if VBatt2 has reached said upper threshold value VBatt2-max then performing at least one of the following steps:
i) de-selecting said second power output path (32b) and/or de-selecting said first power input path (31a),
ii) stop operating said voltage converter system (20), and
iii) selecting the first input path (31a) and selecting the first output path (32a).

### Claim 11 (depends on 9)

The integrated circuit (1) according to claim 9 wherein said controller is configured for performing a further sub-step:
B4) if said voltage VBatt1 becomes equal or larger than said upper threshold value VBatt1-up then performing at least one of the following:
i) de-selecting said first power output path (32a) and/or de-selecting said second power input path (31b),
ii) selecting the first power input path (31a) and selecting the second power output path (32b), or
iii) stop operating said voltage converter system (20).

### Claim 12 (depends on 8)

The integrated circuit (1) according to claim 8 wherein said controller (40) is further configured for:
switching from said first combination to said second combination if the parameter VBatt1 becomes equal or larger than an upper threshold value VBatt1-up and if the parameter VBatt2 is lower than an upper threshold value VBatt2-max,
switching from said second combination to said first combination if the parameter VBatt1 has decreased from the upper threshold value VBatt1-up down to a lower threshold value VBatt1-low, with VBatt1-low<VBatt1-up, and
switching from said first combination to said third combination if the parameter VBatt1 has decreased from said lower threshold value VBatt1-low down to a critical threshold value VBatt1-SW, with VBatt1-SW<VBatt1-low, and if VBatt2 is above a lower threshold value VBatt2-low, with VBatt2-low<VBatt2-max.

### Claim 13 (depends on 8)

The integrated circuit (1) according to claim 8 wherein said input selection circuit (31) comprises a first input switch (SW1-IN) for enabling and disabling a current flow in said first power input path (31a), a second input switch (SW2-IN) for enabling and disabling a current flow in said second power input path (31b), a first output switch (SW1-OUT) for enabling and disabling a current flow in said first power output path (32a) and a second output switch (SW2-OUT) for enabling and disabling a current flow in said second power output path (32b).

### Claim 14 (depends on 8)

The integrated circuit (1) according to claim 8 comprising a fourth terminal connectable with an auxiliary energy source and wherein said plurality of power input paths comprises a third input path (31c) for transferring input power from said fourth terminal to the voltage converter system, and wherein said specific combinations comprise:
iv) a fourth combination formed by selecting said third power input path (31c) and selecting said first power output path (32a).

### Claim 15 (depends on 8)

The integrated circuit (1) according to claim 8 wherein said voltage converter system (20) comprises a voltage converter for converting input power received via the selected power input path (31a, 31b, 31c) into output power outputted via the selected power output path (32a, 32b, 32c), and wherein said voltage converter is one of the following: a boost voltage converter, a buck voltage converter or a buck-boost voltage converter.

### Claim 16 (depends on 8)

The integrated circuit (1) according to claim 8 wherein said voltage converter system (20) comprises
a first voltage converter (21a) for converting input power received via the first power input path (31a) into output power outputted via the first (32a) or via the second (32b) power output path,
a second voltage converter (21b) for converting input power received via the second power input path (31b) into output power outputted via the first power output path (32a).

### Claim 17 (depends on 8)

The integrated circuit (1) according to claim 8 wherein said voltage converter system (20) comprises
a first voltage converter (21a) for converting input power received via the first power input path (31a) into output power outputted via the first power output path (32a),
a second voltage converter (21b) for converting input power received via the second power input path (31b) into output power outputted via the first power output path (32a), and
a third voltage converter (21c) for converting input power received via the first power input path (31a) into output power outputted via the second power output path (32b).

### Claim 18 (depends on 8)

A system for energy harvesting comprising
an integrated circuit (1) according to claim 8,
an energy harvester (70) coupled to said first terminal (11),
a first rechargeable storage device (50) coupled to said second terminal (12), and
a second rechargeable storage device (60) coupled to said third terminal (13), and wherein said second rechargeable storage device (60) has an energy storage capacity that is more than five times larger than the energy storage capacity of the first rechargeable storage device (50).

### Claim 19 (depends on 1)

The method according to claim 1 wherein said second rechargeable storage device (60) has an energy storage capacity that is more than ten times larger than the energy storage capacity of the first rechargeable storage device (50).

### Claim 20 (depends on 18)

The system according to claim 18 wherein at least one of said first rechargeable storage device and said second rechargeable storage device is a rechargeable battery, a capacitor or supercapacitor.