# US 12,119,658 B2 · Modular power conversion system > Agents: this data is available as JSON from the patentgrep API and MCP server — see https://patentgrep.com/llms.txt - Number: US 12,119,658 B2 - Document ID: US12119658B2 - Status: Granted - Kind: B2 - Application number: 18/085,621 - Filed: 2022-12-21 - Published: 2023-06-22 - Granted: 2024-10-15 - Earliest claimed: 2011-04-15 - Assignees: DEKA Products Limited Partnership - Applicants: DEKA Products Limited Partnership - Inventors: Donald J. Lucas; Christopher L. Barber; Xiaorong Xia - Web page: https://patentgrep.com/patent/US12119658B2 ## CPC - H02J 3/381: {Dispersed generators} - H02J 3/18: Arrangements for adjusting, eliminating or compensating reactive power in networks - H02J 3/46: Controlling the sharing of generated power between the generators, sources or networks - H02J 13/12: Monitoring network conditions, e.g. electrical magnitudes or operational status - H02J 3/00: Circuit arrangements for AC mains or AC distribution networks - H02J 3/38: Arrangements for feeding a single network from two or more generators or sources in parallel; Arrangements for feeding already energised networks from additional generators or sources in parallel - H02J 3/388: Arrangements for the handling of islanding, e.g. for disconnection or for avoiding the disconnection of power - H02J 3/42: with automatic parallel connection when synchronisation is achieved - H02J 7/35: with light sensitive cells - H02J 2101/10: Dispersed power generation using fossil fuels, e.g. diesel generators - H02J 2101/24: Photovoltaics - H02J 2101/28: Wind energy - H02P 21/22: Current control, e.g. using a current control loop - Y02B 10/10: Photovoltaic [PV] - Y02E 10/56: Power conversion systems, e.g. maximum power point trackers - Y02E 10/76: Power conversion electric or electronic aspects - Y02E 40/70: Smart grids as climate change mitigation technology in the energy generation sector - Y02E 60/00: Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation - Y04S 10/123: the energy generation units being or involving renewable energy sources - Y04S 10/30: State monitoring, e.g. fault, temperature monitoring, insulator monitoring, corona discharge - H02J: ELECTRIC POWER NETWORKS; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY - H02P: CONTROL OR REGULATION OF ELECTRIC MOTORS, ELECTRIC GENERATORS OR DYNAMO-ELECTRIC CONVERTERS; CONTROLLING TRANSFORMERS, REACTORS OR CHOKE COILS - Y02B: CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO BUILDINGS, e.g. HOUSING, HOUSE APPLIANCES OR RELATED END-USER APPLICATIONS - Y02E: REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION - Y04S: SYSTEMS INTEGRATING TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO POWER NETWORK OPERATION, COMMUNICATION OR INFORMATION TECHNOLOGIES FOR IMPROVING THE ELECTRICAL POWER GENERATION, TRANSMISSION, DISTRIBUTION, MANAGEMENT OR USAGE, i.e. SMART GRIDS ## Abstract A method for determining when a connection of a power system to a grid has been disconnected. The method includes the power system supplying a first amount of reactive power to the grid to which the power system is connected, and the power system determining if there is a frequency change within the grid. This includes if the frequency change does not exceed a predetermined threshold, the power system supplying a second amount of reactive power to the grid, and if the frequency exceeds a predetermined threshold, the power system supplying a first amount of reactive power to the grid. ## Claims ### Claim 1 A modular power conversion system comprising: at least one first electric resource; a modular power stage; at least one building; and a motor controller for a permanent magnetic synchronous motor comprising a position/velocity estimator that iteratively determines the motor velocity starting with an estimated motor velocity, that is integrated to get an estimated motor position, the estimated motor position is compared to a value from one or more motor position sensors to update the estimated motor velocity, wherein the comparison of the measured motor position to the estimated motor position includes a deadband block that zeros out differences between the measured and estimated motor position that are outside the a predetermined deadband range; wherein said modular power stage comprises at least one module including power electronics for converting power between said at least one first electric resource and said at least one building. ### Claim 2 (depends on 1) The system of claim 1 further comprising a brake module. ### Claim 3 (depends on 1) The system of claim 1 wherein the at least one first electric resource comprising a wind turbine. ### Claim 4 (depends on 1) The system of claim 1 wherein the at least one first electric resource comprising a photovoltaic array. ### Claim 5 (depends on 1) The system of claim 1 wherein the at least one first resource comprising a Stirling generator. ### Claim 6 (depends on 1) The system of claim 1 wherein the at least one building comprising battery energy storage. ### Claim 7 (depends on 1) The system of claim 1 wherein the modular power stage facilitates electricity conversion between the at least one first electric resource and the at least one building and allocates the most efficient distribution of electricity based on produce and cost. ### Claim 8 (depends on 1) The system of claim 1 further comprising a conditioner for conditioning the electricity for power transmission. ### Claim 9 (depends on 1) The system of claim 1 wherein the modular power stage is commutatively connected to a remote control. ### Claim 10 (depends on 1) The system of claim 1, further comprising a three phase inverter module to connect a three phase grid. ### Claim 11 (depends on 10) The system of claim 10 the three phase inverter module further comprising three half bridges connected to a high and low side of a DC bus. ### Claim 12 (depends on 1) The system of claim 1 wherein said motor controller further comprises: an analog/digital converter that converts analog sensor signals from the permanent magnetic synchronous motor to digital signals for use by a digital signal processor comprising half bridges across a DC bus and an inductor-capacitor-inductor filter that produce three phase AC power at a predetermined voltage and frequency; and at least one voltage sensor and at least one current sensor for three-phase demodulation of the three phase signals and converting the three-phase signals to a two-phase orthogonal reference frame. ### Claim 13 (depends on 1) The system of claim 1, wherein a predetermined deadband range is 70 to 80% of the natural error of the one or more motor position sensors. ### Claim 14 (depends on 13) The system of claim 13, wherein the one or more motor position sensors are hall sensor spaced 60 degrees apart and the natural error is plus or minus 30 degrees. ### Claim 15 (depends on 14) The system of claim 14, wherein the hall sensor signals are unwrapped by extending lowest significant bits of the sensor signals over time to obtain a measured position. ### Claim 16 (depends on 13) The system of claim 13, wherein the one or more motor position sensors is a resolver with a natural error of plus or minus 5 degrees. ### Claim 17 A modular power conversion system comprising: at least one first electric resource; a modular power stage; at least one building; and a motor controller for a permanent magnetic synchronous motor comprising a position/velocity estimator for providing a velocity of the permanent magnetic synchronous motor based on sensor signals from Hall sensors on permanent magnetic synchronous motor including: estimating a position based on the sensor signals; comparing the estimated position to a measured position; and providing the desired velocity based on a choice between the estimated position or the measured position, the choice being based on a difference between the estimated position and the measured position; wherein said modular power stage comprises at least one module including power electronics for converting power between said at least one first electric resource and said at least one building.