# US 12,119,657 B2 · Selectively adopting a grid forming operation mode > Agents: this data is available as JSON from the patentgrep API and MCP server — see https://patentgrep.com/llms.txt - Number: US 12,119,657 B2 - Document ID: US12119657B2 - Status: Granted - Kind: B2 - Application number: 17/604,911 - Filed: 2020-04-02 - Published: 2022-06-23 - Granted: 2024-10-15 - Earliest claimed: 2019-05-02 - Assignees: Siemens Gamesa Renewable Energy A/S - Applicants: Siemens Gamesa Renewable Energy A/S - Inventors: Paul Brian Brogan - Web page: https://patentgrep.com/patent/US12119657B2 ## CPC - H02J 3/381: {Dispersed generators} - F03D 7/0284: {in relation to the state of the electric grid} - F03D 7/048: {controlling wind farms} - H02J 3/0014: for preventing or reducing power oscillations in networks - H02J 13/13: characterised by the transmission of data to equipment in the power network - F05B 2270/1033: Power (if explicitly mentioned) - H02J 2101/28: Wind energy - Y02B 90/20: Smart grids as enabling technology in buildings sector (smart grids supporting the management or operation of end-user stationary applications in general, or like technologies with no associated climate change mitigation effect Y04S20/00) - Y02E 40/70: Smart grids as climate change mitigation technology in the energy generation sector - Y04S 10/123: the energy generation units being or involving renewable energy sources - Y04S 40/12: characterised by data transport means between the monitoring, controlling or managing units and monitored, controlled or operated electrical equipment - H02J: ELECTRIC POWER NETWORKS; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY - F03D: WIND MOTORS - F05B: INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO WIND, SPRING, WEIGHT, INERTIA OR LIKE MOTORS, TO MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS COVERED BY SUBCLASSES F03B, F03D AND F03G - Y02B: CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO BUILDINGS, e.g. HOUSING, HOUSE APPLIANCES OR RELATED END-USER APPLICATIONS - Y02E: REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION - Y04S: SYSTEMS INTEGRATING TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO POWER NETWORK OPERATION, COMMUNICATION OR INFORMATION TECHNOLOGIES FOR IMPROVING THE ELECTRICAL POWER GENERATION, TRANSMISSION, DISTRIBUTION, MANAGEMENT OR USAGE, i.e. SMART GRIDS ## Abstract Provided is a method of controlling a wind turbine or a wind park including at least one wind turbine connected to a utility grid for utility grid support, the method including: receiving a control command from a utility grid manager, and selectively controlling the wind turbine according to the control command. ## Claims ### Claim 1 A method of controlling a wind turbine or a wind park comprising at least one wind turbine connected to a utility grid for utility grid support, the method comprising: receiving a control command from a utility grid manager; and controlling the at least one wind turbine according to a mode selected by the control command, wherein the control command indicates the at least one wind turbine to switch immediately or at a future time interval or a future point in time, to a grid forming mode of operation, the grid forming mode of operation comprising: measuring voltage and a current at an output terminal of a grid side power converter; calculating a power output from the grid side power converter based on the voltage and the current; deriving, by a power controller, a representation of a utility grid frequency based on the power output; deriving a frequency error between the representation of the utility grid frequency and a nominal utility grid frequency; deriving a grid side power converter control signal based on the frequency error; and controlling the grid side power converter based on the grid side power converter control signal. ### Claim 2 (depends on 1) The method according to claim 1, wherein the control command is selectively dispatched by the utility grid manager in expectation or dependence of a present and/or forthcoming utility grid disturbance. ### Claim 3 (depends on 1) The method according to claim 1, wherein the control command indicates to provide active power capability, reactive power capability, power oscillation damping capability, or fault current capability immediately or in the future. ### Claim 4 (depends on 1) The method according to claim 1, wherein the control command indicates a level of active power capability, a level of reactive power capability, a level of power oscillation damping capability, a level of fault current capability, or a time interval when at least one of these capabilities should be available. ### Claim 5 (depends on 1) The method according to claim 1, wherein a converter control command in accordance with the control command is derived and is supplied to a power converter of the at least one wind turbine. ### Claim 6 (depends on 1) The method according to claim 1, wherein the control command indicates the at least one wind turbine to switch to the grid forming mode of operation from a current control mode. ### Claim 7 (depends on 1) The method according to claim 1, wherein the grid forming mode of operation further comprises: deriving, by a voltage controller, a first voltage signal based on a difference between the voltage at the output terminal of the grid side power converter and nominal voltage; deriving, by a voltage feedforward controller, a second voltage signal based on an output current of the grid side power converter and a nominal power output; and deriving the grid side power converter control signal based on the frequency error, the first voltage signal and the second voltage signal. ### Claim 8 (depends on 1) The method according to claim 1, wherein the grid forming mode of operation involves the grid side power converter behaving similar to a voltage source behind an impedance, performing low bandwidth control below 5 Hz or between 5 Hz and 1 kHz. ### Claim 9 (depends on 1) The method according to claim 1, wherein the utility grid manager comprises at least one of: a utility grid operator; a transmission system operator; a party responsible for managing the generation and/or load mix connected to the electrical power system or utility grid; and a party operating a national or international electrical power grid. ### Claim 10 (depends on 1) The method according to claim 1, further comprising reimbursing a wind turbine operator for any profit loss due to adhering to the control command from the utility grid manager. ### Claim 11 (depends on 1) An arrangement for controlling a wind turbine or a wind park comprising at least one wind turbine connected to a utility grid for utility grid support, the arrangement comprising: an input section configured to receive a control command from a utility grid manager; and a processor configured to control the at least one wind turbine according to a mode selected by the control command; wherein the arrangement is configured to carry out the method according to claim 1. ### Claim 12 (depends on 11) A wind turbine, comprising: a generator; a generator side power converter electrically coupled to the generator; a grid side power converter electrically coupled to the generator side power converter; and the arrangement according to claim 11, which is a part of a wind turbine controller or wind park controller. ### Claim 13 (depends on 12) A wind park, comprising: a plurality of wind turbines; the arrangement according to claim 12; and a distribution module for distributing individual wind turbine control signals to the plurality of wind turbines based on the control command.