# US 12,119,453 B2 · Nonaqueous electrolyte, lithium-ion battery, battery module, battery pack, and apparatus

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- Number: US 12,119,453 B2
- Document ID: US12119453B2
- Status: Granted
- Kind: B2
- Application number: 17/196,944
- Filed: 2021-03-09
- Published: 2021-07-01
- Granted: 2024-10-15
- Earliest claimed: 2018-09-28
- Assignees: Contemporary Amperex Technology (Hong Kong) Limited
- Applicants: Contemporary Amperex Technology (Hong Kong) Limited
- Inventors: Chengdu Liang; Peipei Chen; Chenghua Fu; Junmin Feng
- Web page: https://patentgrep.com/patent/US12119453B2

## CPC

- H01M 10/0569: characterised by the solvents
- H01M 10/4235: {Safety or regulating additives or arrangements in electrodes, separators or electrolyte (H01M10/4242 takes precedence)}
- H01M 10/0525: Rocking-chair batteries, i.e. batteries with lithium insertion or intercalation in both electrodes; Lithium-ion batteries
- H01M 10/0567: characterised by the additives
- H01M 10/0568: characterised by the solutes
- H01M 2220/20: Batteries in motive systems, e.g. vehicle, ship, plane
- H01M 2300/0037: Mixture of solvents
- H01M 2300/004: Three solvents
- Y02E 60/10: Energy storage using batteries
- H01M: PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- Y02E: REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION

## Abstract

This application provides a nonaqueous electrolyte, a lithium-ion battery, a battery module, a battery pack, and an apparatus. The nonaqueous solvent includes a nonaqueous solvent and a lithium slat. The nonaqueous solvent includes a carbonate solvent and a high oxidation potential solvent, and the high oxidation potential solvent is selected from one or more of compounds represented by formula I and formula II. Based on a total weight of the nonaqueous solvent, a weight percentage of the high oxidation potential solvent is 10% to 60%. This application can not only improve electrochemical performance of the lithium-ion battery under high temperature and high voltage and improve safety performance such as overcharge safety and hot box safety of the lithium-ion battery, but also ensure that the lithium-ion battery has some kinetic performance.

## Claims

### Claim 1

A nonaqueous electrolyte, comprising a nonaqueous solvent and a lithium salt, wherein
the nonaqueous solvent comprises a carbonate solvent and a high oxidation potential solvent, wherein the high oxidation potential solvent comprises at least one compound selected from the compounds represented by Formula I and comprises at least one compound selected from the compounds represented by Formula II:
in formula I, R1 and R2 are independently selected from unsubstituted, partially halogenated or fully halogenated alkyl groups having 1 to 5 carbon atoms, and at least one of R1 and R2 is a partially halogenated or fully halogenated alkyl group having 1 to 5 carbon atoms;
in formula II, R3 is selected from —CF2CH2CH2CH2CH2—, —CF2CH2CH2CH2CF2—, —CH2CH2CH2CHFCH2—, —CH2CHFCH2CHFCH2—, —CH2CHFCH2CHFCHF—, —CH2CH2CH2CH2CHF—, —CH2CH2CH2CH(CF3)CH2—, —CF2CH2CH2CH2CH2CH2—, —CH2CH2CH2CH2CHFCH2—, —CH2CHFCH2CH2CHFCH2—, —CF2CH2CH2CH2CH2CF2—, —CH2CH2CH(CH3)CH2CHFCH2—, and —CH2CH2CH(CF3)CH2CHFCH2; and
based on a total weight of the nonaqueous solvent, a weight percentage of the high oxidation potential solvent is 10% to 60%, a weight percentage of the carbonate solvent is at least 40%,
based on a total weight of the high oxidation potential solvent, a weight percentage of the compound represented by Formula I is from 60% to 70%, and a weight percentage of the compound represented by Formula II is from 30% to 40%, wherein
a halogen atom of the halogenated or fully halogenated alkyl groups is selected from one or more of F, Cl, Br, and I.

### Claim 2 (depends on 1)

The nonaqueous electrolyte according to claim 1, wherein
in formula I, further, R1 and R2 are independently selected from —CH3, —CF3, —CH2CH3, —CF2CH3, —CH2CF3, —CF2CF3, —CH2CH2CH3, —CF2CH2CH3, —CH2CH2CF3, —CH2CF2CF3, —CF2CH2CF3, —CF2CF2CH3, and —CF2CF2CF3, and at least one of R1 and R2 is —CF3, —CF2CH3, —CH2CF3, —CF2CF3, —CF2CH2CH3, —CH2CH2CF3, —CH2CF2CF3, —CF2CH2CF3, —CF2CF2CH3, or —CF2CF2CF3.

### Claim 3 (depends on 2)

The nonaqueous electrolyte according to claim 2, wherein the high oxidation potential solvent is selected from one or more of the following compounds:

### Claim 4 (depends on 1)

The nonaqueous electrolyte according to claim 1, wherein
the carbonate solvent comprises at least one cyclic carbonate and at least one linear carbonate;
the cyclic carbonate is selected from one or more of ethylene carbonate and propylene carbonate, and the linear carbonate is selected from one or more of ethyl methyl carbonate, methyl propyl carbonate, methyl isopropyl carbonate, methyl butyl carbonate, ethylene propyl carbonate, dimethyl carbonate, diethyl carbonate, dipropyl carbonate and dibutyl carbonate; and
based on a total weight of the nonaqueous solvent, a weight percentage of the linear carbonate is from 28% to 63%, and a weight percentage of the cyclic carbonate is from 12% to 35%.

### Claim 5 (depends on 4)

The nonaqueous electrolyte according to claim 4, wherein the carbonate solvent comprises at least one of ethyl methyl carbonate, dimethyl carbonate, and diethyl carbonate.

### Claim 6 (depends on 1)

The nonaqueous electrolyte according to claim 1, wherein room-temperature electrical conductivity of the nonaqueous electrolyte is greater than or equal to 5.0 mS/cm.

### Claim 7 (depends on 1)

The nonaqueous electrolyte according to claim 1, wherein
the nonaqueous electrolyte further comprises a film-forming additive;
the film-forming additive is selected from one or more of a cyclic carbonate compound with an unsaturated bond, a halogen-substituted cyclic carbonate compound, a sulfate compound, a sulfite compound, a sultone compound, a disulfonate compound, a nitrile compound, an aromatic compound, an isocyanate compound, a phosphazene compound, a cyclicanhydride compound, a phosphite compound, a phosphate compound, a borate compound, and a carboxylate compound.

### Claim 8 (depends on 7)

The nonaqueous electrolyte according to claim 7, wherein
the film-forming additive comprises ethylene sulfate and fluoroethylene carbonate.

### Claim 9 (depends on 1)

A lithium-ion battery, comprising a positive electrode plate, a negative electrode plate, a separator, and the nonaqueous electrolyte according to claim 1.

### Claim 10 (depends on 9)

The lithium-ion battery according to claim 9, wherein
the positive electrode plate comprises one or more of Li1+xNiaCobM′(1−a−b)O2−cYc, and Li1+yNimMnnM″2−m−nO4−pZp, wherein
−0.1≤x≤0.2, 0.6≤a≤1, 0≤b<1, 0≤(1−a−b)<1, 0≤c<1, M′ is selected from one or more of Mn, Al, Mg, Zn, Ga, Ba, Fe, Cr, Sn, V, Sc, Ti, and Zr, and Y is selected from one or more of F, Cl, and Br; and
−0.1≤y≤0.2, 0.4≤m≤1.2, 0.8≤n≤1.6, 0≤(2−m−n)≤0.3, 0≤p<1, M″ is selected from one or more of Al, Mg, Zn, Ga, Ba, Fe, Cr, Sn, V, Sc, Ti, and Zr, and Y is selected from one or more of F, Cl, and Br.

### Claim 11 (depends on 9)

The lithium-ion battery according to claim 9, wherein
the carbonate solvent is selected from one or more of cyclic carbonate and linear carbonate;
the cyclic carbonate is selected from one or more of ethylene carbonate and propylene carbonate, and the linear carbonate is selected from one or more of ethyl methyl carbonate, methyl propyl carbonate, methyl isopropyl carbonate, methyl butyl carbonate, ethylene propyl carbonate, dimethyl carbonate, diethyl carbonate, dipropyl carbonate and dibutyl carbonate; and
a weight ratio of the linear carbonate to the cyclic carbonate is 80:1 to 1:1.

### Claim 12 (depends on 11)

The lithium-ion battery according to claim 11, wherein the carbonate solvent comprises at least one of ethyl methyl carbonate, dimethyl carbonate, and diethyl carbonate.

### Claim 13 (depends on 9)

The lithium-ion battery according to claim 9, wherein room-temperature electrical conductivity of the nonaqueous electrolyte is greater than or equal to 5.0 mS/cm.

### Claim 14 (depends on 9)

The lithium-ion battery according to claim 9, wherein
the nonaqueous electrolyte further comprises a film-forming additive;
the film-forming additive is selected from one or more of a cyclic carbonate compound with an unsaturated bond, a halogen-substituted cyclic carbonate compound, a sulfate compound, a sulfite compound, a sultone compound, a disulfonate compound, a nitrile compound, an aromatic compound, an isocyanate compound, a phosphazene compound, a cyclicanhydride compound, a phosphite compound, a phosphate compound, a borate compound, and a carboxylate compound.

### Claim 15 (depends on 14)

The lithium-ion battery according to claim 14, wherein
the film-forming additive comprises ethylene sulfate and fluoroethylene carbonate.

### Claim 16 (depends on 9)

The lithium-ion battery according to claim 9, wherein
in formula I, R1 and R2 are independently selected from —CH3, —CF3, —CH2CH3, —CF2CH3, —CH2CF3, —CF2CF3, —CH2CH2CH3, —CF2CH2CH3, —CH2CH2CF3, —CH2CF2CF3, —CF2CH2CF3, —CF2CF2CH3, and —CF2CF2CF3, and at least one of R1 and R2 is —CF3, —CF2CH3, —CH2CF3, —CF2CF3, —CF2CH2CH3, —CH2CH2CF3, —CH2CF2CF3, —CF2CH2CF3, —CF2CF2CH3, or —CF2CF2CF3.

### Claim 17 (depends on 9)

A battery module, comprising the lithium-ion battery according to claim 9.

### Claim 18 (depends on 17)

A battery pack, comprising the battery module according to claim 17.

### Claim 19 (depends on 9)

An apparatus, comprising the lithium-ion battery according to claim 9, wherein the lithium-ion battery is used as a power source for the apparatus.

### Claim 20 (depends on 19)

The apparatus according to claim 19, comprising a battery electric vehicle, a hybrid electric vehicle, a plug-in hybrid electric vehicle, an electric bicycle, an electric scooter, an electric golf cart, an electric truck, an electric vessel, and an energy storage system.