# US 12,119,447 B2 · Electrolyte and electrochemical apparatus

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- Number: US 12,119,447 B2
- Document ID: US12119447B2
- Status: Granted
- Kind: B2
- Application number: 17/362,739
- Filed: 2021-06-29
- Published: 2021-11-11
- Granted: 2024-10-15
- Earliest claimed: 2020-05-07
- Assignees: Ningde Amperex Technology Limited
- Applicants: Ningde Amperex Technology Limited
- Inventors: Yanyan Xu; Chunrui Xu; Jianming Zheng
- Web page: https://patentgrep.com/patent/US12119447B2

## CPC

- H01M 10/0567: characterised by the additives
- H01M 4/131: Electrodes based on mixed oxides or hydroxides, or on mixtures of oxides or hydroxides, e.g. LiCoOx
- H01M 4/364: {as mixtures}
- H01M 4/505: of mixed oxides or hydroxides containing manganese for inserting or intercalating light metals, e.g. LiMn2O4 or LiMn2OxFy
- H01M 4/525: of mixed oxides or hydroxides containing iron, cobalt or nickel for inserting or intercalating light metals, e.g. LiNiO2, LiCoO2 or LiCoOxFy
- H01M 10/052: Li-accumulators
- H01M 10/0525: Rocking-chair batteries, i.e. batteries with lithium insertion or intercalation in both electrodes; Lithium-ion batteries
- H01M 2004/021: {Physical characteristics, e.g. porosity, surface area}
- H01M 2004/028: {Positive electrodes}
- H01M 2300/0025: Organic electrolyte
- Y02E 60/10: Energy storage using batteries
- H01M: PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- Y02E: REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION

## Abstract

An electrochemical apparatus including a positive electrode, a negative electrode, an electrolyte, and a separator. The positive electrode includes a positive electrode current collector and a positive active material layer disposed on the positive current collector. An X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy of the positive active material layer has a peak at 164 eV to 175 eV. The electrolyte has a retention capability of 1.0 g/Ah to 4.0 g/Ah. The electrolyte improves cycle performance, over-discharge storage performance, and safety performance of the electrochemical apparatus.

## Claims

### Claim 1

An electrochemical apparatus, comprising: a positive electrode, a negative electrode, an electrolyte and a separator; wherein the positive electrode comprises a positive electrode current collector and a positive active material layer disposed on the positive current collector; an X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy of the positive active material layer has a peak at 164 eV to 175 eV, and the electrolyte has a retention capability of 1.0 g/Ah to 4.0 g/Ah;
wherein the electrolyte comprises an additive A, and the additive A comprises at least one of a compound of formula II, a compound of formula III, or a compound of formula IV:
wherein R1 is selected from H, C1-6 alkyl, or C2-6 alkenyl;
R2, R3, R4, R5, R6, and R7 are each independently selected from H, a halogen, C1-6 alkyl unsubstituted or substituted with one or more halogen, or C2-6 alkenyl unsubstituted or substituted with one or more halogen;
m is an integer from 1 to 3; and
wherein the positive active material layer comprises first particles and second particles; a cross section perpendicular to the positive electrode current collector in the positive electrode is measured by using a scanning electron microscope, a gray scale of the first particles is not less than 115 RGB, a gray scale of the second particles is less than 115 RGB, and a cross-sectional area of the first particles is less than 20 square micrometers.

### Claim 2 (depends on 1)

The electrochemical apparatus according to claim 1, wherein in the cross section perpendicular to the positive electrode current collector in the positive electrode, a total area of the first particles accounts for 5% to 50% of an area of the cross section perpendicular to the positive electrode current collector in the positive electrode.

### Claim 3 (depends on 1)

The electrochemical apparatus according to claim 1, wherein in the cross section perpendicular to the positive electrode current collector in the positive electrode, a cross-sectional area of the second particles is greater than or equal to 20 square micrometers, and a total area of the second particles accounts for 10% to 60% of an area of the cross section perpendicular to the positive electrode current collector in the positive electrode.

### Claim 4 (depends on 2)

The electrochemical apparatus according to claim 2, wherein the first particles comprise LiaNixCoyMnzMmO2, 0.9≤a<1.1, 0.3≤x<1, 0<y<0.7, 0<z≤0.4, x+y+z≤1, 0≤m≤0.1, the element M comprises at least one of Al, Ti, Mg, W, Zr, Nb, In, Ru, Sb, Sr, Y, or F.

### Claim 5 (depends on 4)

The electrochemical apparatus according to claim 4, wherein a content of the element M is 0% to 1% based on a total weight of the positive active material.

### Claim 6 (depends on 3)

The electrochemical apparatus according to claim 3, wherein the second particles comprise LibMn2-nMenO4, the element Me comprises at least one of Mg, Ti, Cr, Al, B, Fe, Zr, Na, F, or S, 0.9≤b<1.1, 0≤n≤0.1.

### Claim 7 (depends on 6)

The electrochemical apparatus according to claim 6, wherein a content of the element Me is 0% to 1% based on a total weight of the positive active material.

### Claim 8 (depends on 1)

The electrochemical apparatus according to claim 1, wherein a content of the additive A is 0.01% to 5% based on a total weight of the electrolyte.

### Claim 9 (depends on 1)

The electrochemical apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the additive A comprises at least one of the following compounds:
methylene methanedisulfonate, propenyl-1,3-sultone, 1,3-propane disulfonic anhydride,

### Claim 10 (depends on 1)

The electrochemical apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the electrolyte further comprises an additive B, and the additive B comprises at least one of lithium difluorophosphate, lithium 4,5-dicyano-2-trifluoromethylimidazole, or difluorobis(oxalato) lithium phosphate.

### Claim 11 (depends on 10)

The electrochemical apparatus according to claim 10, wherein a content of the additive B is 0.01% to 3% based on a total weight of the electrolyte.

### Claim 12 (depends on 1)

The electrochemical apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the electrolyte further comprises an additive C, and the additive C comprises at least one of the following phosphate compounds:

### Claim 13 (depends on 12)

The electrochemical apparatus according to claim 12, wherein a content of the additive C is 0.01% to 5% based on a total weight of the electrolyte.

### Claim 14 (depends on 1)

The electrochemical apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the electrolyte further comprises an additive D, and the additive D comprises at least one of the following compounds: vinylene carbonate, vinyl ethylene carbonate, 1,4-butane sultone, ethylene sulfate, butanedinitrile, glutaronitrile, adiponitrile, 2-methylene glutaronitrile, dipropylmalononitrile, 1,3,6-hexanetricarbonitrile, 1,2,6-hexanetricarbonitrile, 1,3,5-pentahexanetricarbonitrile, or 1,2-bis(cyanoethoxy)ethane.

### Claim 15 (depends on 14)

The electrochemical apparatus according to claim 14, wherein an amount of the additive D is 0.01% to 10% based on a total weight of the electrolyte.

### Claim 16 (depends on 1)

The electrochemical apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the electrolyte further comprises:
at least one selected from the group consisting of an additive B, an additive C, and an additive D;
the additive B comprises at least one of lithium difluorophosphate, lithium 4,5-dicyano-2-trifluoromethylimidazole, or difluorobis(oxalato) lithium phosphate;
the additive C comprises at least one of the following phosphate compounds:
and
the additive D comprises at least one of the following compounds: vinylene carbonate, vinyl ethylene carbonate, 1,4-butane sultone, ethylene sulfate, butanedinitrile, glutaronitrile, adiponitrile, 2-methylene glutaronitrile, dipropylmalononitrile, 1,3,6-hexanetricarbonitrile, 1,2,6-hexanetricarbonitrile, 1,3,5-pentahexanetricarbonitrile, or 1,2-bis(cyanoethoxy)ethane.

### Claim 17

An electronic apparatus, comprising an electrochemical apparatus; wherein the electrochemical apparatus comprises a positive electrode, a negative electrode, an electrolyte and a separator; wherein the positive electrode comprises a positive electrode current collector and a positive active material layer disposed on the positive current collector, an X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy of the positive active material layer has a peak at 164 eV to 175 eV, and the electrolyte has a retention capability of 1.0 g/Ah to 4.0 g/Ah;
wherein the electrolyte comprises an additive A, and the additive A comprises at least one of a compound of formula II, a compound of formula III, or a compound of formula IV:
wherein R1 is selected from H, C1-6 alkyl, or C2-6 alkenyl;
R2, R3, R4, R5, R6, and R7 are each independently selected from H, a halogen, C1-6 alkyl unsubstituted or substituted with one or more halogen, or C2-6 alkenyl unsubstituted or substituted with one or more halogen;
m is an integer from 1 to 3; and
wherein the positive active material layer comprises first particles and second particles; a cross section perpendicular to the positive electrode current collector in the positive electrode is measured by using a scanning electron microscope, a gray scale of the first particles is not less than 115 RGB, a gray scale of the second particles is less than 115 RGB, and a cross-sectional area of the first particles is less than 20 square micrometers.

### Claim 18 (depends on 17)

The electronic apparatus according to claim 17, wherein the additive A comprises at least one of the following compounds:
methylene methanedisulfonate, propenyl-1,3-sultone, 1,3-propane disulfonic anhydride,