# US 12,114,276 B2 · Device and method for monitoring two time bases of two communication devices with the aid of a computer

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- Number: US 12,114,276 B2
- Document ID: US12114276B2
- Status: Granted
- Kind: B2
- Application number: 18/571,352
- Filed: 2022-05-30
- Published: 2024-08-08
- Granted: 2024-10-08
- Earliest claimed: 2021-06-18
- Assignees: Siemens Mobility GmbH
- Applicants: Siemens Mobility GmbH
- Inventors: Daniel Fortunati; Bhabani Nayak; Ernesto de Stefano
- Web page: https://patentgrep.com/patent/US12114276B2

## CPC

- G06F 1/14: Time supervision arrangements, e.g. real time clock
- H04W 56/001: {Synchronization between nodes}
- B61L 27/53: for trackside elements or systems, e.g. trackside supervision of trackside control system conditions
- B61L 27/70: Details of trackside communication
- G06F 9/30043: {LOAD or STORE instructions; Clear instruction}
- H04J 3/0658: {Clock or time synchronisation among packet nodes}
- H04J 3/0667: {Bidirectional timestamps, e.g. NTP or PTP for compensation of clock drift and for compensation of propagation delays (arrangements for monitoring round trip delays in packet switching networks H04L43/0864)}
- H04L 43/0858: {One way delays}
- H04L 43/16: Threshold monitoring
- H04N 21/4341: {Demultiplexing of audio and video streams}
- G06F: ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING (computer systems based on specific computational models G06N)
- H04W: WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS (broadcast communication H04H; communication systems using wireless links for non-selective communication, e.g. wireless extensions H04M1/72)
- B61L: GUIDING RAILWAY TRAFFIC; ENSURING THE SAFETY OF RAILWAY TRAFFIC (brakes or auxiliary equipment B61H, B61K; point or crossing construction E01B)
- H04J: MULTIPLEX COMMUNICATION (transmission in general H04B; peculiar to transmission of digital information H04L5/00; systems for the simultaneous or sequential transmission of more than one television signal H04N7/08; in exchanges H04Q11/00; stereophonic systems H04S)
- H04L: TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION (arrangements common to telegraphic and telephonic communication H04M)
- H04N: PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION

## Abstract

A computer-assisted method for monitoring a first time base of a first communication device and a second time base of a second communication device. First, Cristian's algorithm is used to calculate time offset intervals between the time bases. Second, the maximally possible drift of the time offset is ascertained multiple times for two measurement steps. A minimally possible drift is ascertained from the upper limit of the time offset interval for the previous measurement step and the lower limit of the time offset interval for the subsequent measurement step. The upper and lower limits of a drift interval are calculated from the maximally and minimally possible drifts. Third, the lowest upper limit is defined as the upper limit of a resulting drift interval, and the highest lower limit is defined as the lower limit of the resulting drift interval with narrow limits for the relative drift.

## Claims

### Claim 1

A method for computer-assisted monitoring of a first time basis of a first communications facility and a second time basis of a second communications facility, the method comprising:
in a first sequence, carrying out at least three measuring steps, with each measuring step including:
at a first instant, which is based on the first time basis, sending a first message from the first communications facility to the second communications facility;
at a second instant, which is based on the second time basis, receiving the first message by the second communications facility;
at a third instant, which is based on the second time basis, sending a second message from the second communications facility to the first communications facility; and
at a fourth instant, which is based on the first time basis, receiving the second message by the first communications facility; and
determining from the first instant, the second instant, the third instant, and the fourth instant a time delay interval in which a time delay can lie between the first time basis and the second time basis;
in a second sequence, for an earlier measuring step and a later measuring step, and multiple times:
ascertaining a maximum possible drift in a time between the earlier measuring step and the later measuring step by taking into account a lower limit of the time delay interval for the earlier measuring step and an upper limit of the time delay interval for the later measuring step;
ascertaining a minimum possible drift in the time between the earlier measuring step and the later measuring step by taking into account an upper limit of the time delay interval for the earlier measuring step and a lower limit of the time delay interval for the later measuring step; and
while taking into account a maximum possible drift, calculating an upper limit and, while taking into account a minimum possible drift, calculating a lower limit of a drift interval, within which a relative drift describing a change over time in the time delay can lie; and
in a third sequence, for a plurality of drift intervals:
setting a lowest upper limit as the upper limit of a resulting drift interval for the relative drift; and
setting a highest lower limit as the lower limit of the resulting drift interval for the relative drift.

### Claim 2 (depends on 1)

The method according to claim 1, which comprises calculating the time delay during a measuring step based on:
a transmission time of the first message being a time difference between the first instant and the second instant and
a transmission time of the second message being a time difference between the third instant and the fourth instant.

### Claim 3 (depends on 1)

The method according to claim 1, which comprises calculating a maximum possible error for the time delay during a measuring step by taking into account:
a message runtime measured in the first communications facility as a time difference between the first instant and the fourth instant; and
a reaction time measured in the second communications facility as the time difference between the second instant and the third instant.

### Claim 4 (depends on 1)

The method according to claim 1, which comprises:
calculating the lower limit of the time delay interval Δu(n) of a measuring step n according to the formula:
Δu(n)=T3(n)−T4(n); and
calculating the upper limit of the time delay interval 40(n) of the measuring step n according to the formula:
Δo(n)=T2(n)−T1(n);
wherein T1 is the first instant, T2 is the second instant, T3 is the third instant, and T4 is the fourth instant.

### Claim 5 (depends on 1)

The method according to claim 1, which comprises calculating a time difference between the earlier measuring step and the later measuring step, and thereby taking into account the measured first instants or the measured second instants or the measured third instants or the measured fourth instants of the earlier measuring step and of the later measuring step respectively.

### Claim 6 (depends on 5)

The method according to claim 5, which comprises:
calculating the upper limit Ωo(n, n+x) of the drift interval according to the formula:
Ωo(n,n+x)=(Δo(n+x)−Δu(n))/(T4(n+x)−T4(n))
calculating the lower limit Ωu(n, n+x) of the drift interval according to the formula:
Ωu(n,n+x)=(Δu(n+x)−Δo(n)/(T4(n+x)−T4(n)
wherein
n is the earlier measuring step;
n+1 is the later measuring step;
Δu(n) is the lower limit of the time delay interval of the earlier measuring step;
Δu(n+x) is the lower limit of the time delay interval of the later measuring step;
Δo(n) is the upper limit of the time delay interval of the earlier measuring step;
Δo(n+x) is the upper limit of the time delay interval of the later measuring step;
T4(n) is the fourth instant of the earlier measuring step; and,
T4(n+x) is the fourth instant of the later measuring step.

### Claim 7 (depends on 1)

The method according to claim 1, which comprises determining a resulting drift value as a mean of the upper limit of the resulting drift interval and the lower limit of the resulting drift interval.

### Claim 8 (depends on 1)

The method according to claim 1, which comprises defining a critical drift value and checking whether the critical drift value lies in the resulting drift interval or the resulting drift value overshoots the critical drift value.

### Claim 9 (depends on 8)

The method according to claim 8, which comprises, for the second sequence, defining a time interval within which all earlier measuring steps and later measuring steps to be considered have to lie.

### Claim 10 (depends on 9)

The method according to claim 9, which comprises:
defining the time basis of the first communications facility and the second communications facility with reference to one of the communications facilities; and
modifying the time basis of another of the communications facilities by taking into account the resulting drift.

### Claim 11 (depends on 1)

A system, comprising:
a first communications facility having a first time basis;
a second communications facility having a second time basis; and
an interface for establishing a communications link between said first communications facility and said second communications facility;
wherein the communications system is configured to carry out the method for computer-assisted monitoring according to claim 1.

### Claim 12 (depends on 11)

The system according to claim 11, wherein said interface for establishing the communications link is provided by a Cloud.

### Claim 13 (depends on 11)

The system according to claim 11, wherein the system is a rail system.

### Claim 14 (depends on 1)

A non-transitory computer program product, comprising computer-executable program commands for carrying out the method according to claim 1.

### Claim 15 (depends on 1)

A non-transitory computer-readable storage medium storing a computer program product with commands which, when executed on a computing unit, cause the computing unit to carry out the method according to claim 1.