# US 12,114,151 B2 · Tap-domain secret-key generation > Agents: this data is available as JSON from the patentgrep API and MCP server — see https://patentgrep.com/llms.txt - Number: US 12,114,151 B2 - Document ID: US12114151B2 - Status: Granted - Kind: B2 - Application number: 17/542,265 - Filed: 2021-12-03 - Published: 2023-06-08 - Granted: 2024-10-08 - Earliest claimed: 2021-12-03 - Assignees: QUALCOMM Incorporated - Applicants: QUALCOMM Incorporated - Inventors: Ahmed Elshafie; Hung Dinh Ly; Seyedkianoush Hosseini - Web page: https://patentgrep.com/patent/US12114151B2 ## CPC - H04W 12/033: of the user plane, e.g. user's traffic - H04W 12/041: Key generation or derivation - H04L 1/1614: {using bitmaps} - H04L 5/0048: {Allocation of pilot signals, i.e. of signals known to the receiver (allocation of control signalling H04L5/0053; use of control signalling H04L5/0091)} - H04L 9/001: {using chaotic signals} - H04L 9/14: using a plurality of keys or algorithms - H04L 25/0224: {using sounding signals} - H04W 12/65: Environment-dependent, e.g. using captured environmental data - H04L 2209/80: Wireless - H04W: WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS (broadcast communication H04H; communication systems using wireless links for non-selective communication, e.g. wireless extensions H04M1/72) - H04L: TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION (arrangements common to telegraphic and telephonic communication H04M) ## Abstract Methods, systems, and devices for wireless communications are described. A wireless device may receive reference signals from another wireless device over a channel between the devices. The wireless device may perform channel estimation based on the reference signals to determine multiple taps. The wireless device may receive a message from the other wireless device indicating one or more taps to be selected to obtain a secret key for encrypting a message. The wireless device may select the taps based on the indication and communicate one or more encrypted messages with the other wireless device. For example, the wireless device may receive encrypted messages, transmit encrypted messages, or both. ## Claims ### Claim 1 A method for wireless communication at a first wireless device, comprising: receiving, from a second wireless device, one or more reference signals over a channel between the first wireless device and the second wireless device; performing channel estimation for the channel based at least in part on the one or more reference signals, wherein a plurality of taps associated with the channel are determined based at least in part on the channel estimation; receiving a first message from the second wireless device indicating one or more taps to be selected from the plurality of taps to obtain a secret key for encrypting a second message, wherein each tap of the plurality of taps corresponds to a different path between the first wireless device and the second wireless device; and communicating signaling with the second wireless device, the signaling comprising the second message that is encrypted with the secret key. ### Claim 2 (depends on 1) The method of claim 1 further comprising: determining a power delay profile, a channel impulse response, or both for the channel based at least in part on performing the channel estimation; and selecting the one or more taps from the power delay profile, the channel impulse response, or a combination thereof based at least in part on the channel estimation and the received first message. ### Claim 3 (depends on 2) The method of claim 2, wherein the first message indicates the one or more taps according to a power threshold corresponding to the channel being satisfied at the second wireless device. ### Claim 4 (depends on 1) The method of claim 1 further comprising: determining one or more coefficients corresponding to a location of the one or more taps, wherein the secret key is obtained based at least in part on the one or more coefficients. ### Claim 5 (depends on 4) The method of claim 4 further comprising: mapping one or more taps to the one or more coefficients based at least in part on a respective index of each tap of the one or more taps; and quantizing the one or more coefficients based at least in part on applying a key derivation function to the one or more coefficients to obtain the secret key. ### Claim 6 (depends on 5) The method of claim 5 further comprising: determining a resource element channel coefficient corresponding to one or more channels, wherein the quantizing is based at least in part on the resource element channel coefficient. ### Claim 7 (depends on 4) The method of claim 4, wherein the one or more coefficients comprise a reference signal received power, a reference signal received quality, a signal-to-interference ratio, a signal-to-interference and noise ratio, a tap value, an energy metric, or a combination thereof. ### Claim 8 (depends on 1) The method of claim 1 further comprising: determining that a signal-to-noise ratio for the channel satisfies a threshold based at least in part on performing the channel estimation; and encrypting the second message and one or more repeated pilot signals with the secret key based at least in part on the signal-to-noise ratio satisfying the threshold. ### Claim 9 (depends on 1) The method of claim 1 further comprising: determining that a signal-to-noise ratio for the channel satisfies a threshold based at least in part on performing the channel estimation; and performing a key refinement procedure to obtain a refined secret key based at least in part on the signal-to-noise ratio satisfying the threshold, wherein the second message is encrypted with the refined secret key. ### Claim 10 (depends on 1) The method of claim 1, wherein the first message comprises a bitmap indicating the one or more taps. ### Claim 11 (depends on 10) The method of claim 10 further comprising: receiving, prior to receiving the first message, a third message indicating a plurality of bitmaps comprising the bitmap, each bitmap indicating a set of taps; receiving, prior to receiving the first message and after receiving the third message, a fourth message indicating one or more bitmaps comprising the bitmap, wherein the first message comprises a downlink control information message, the third message comprises radio resource control signaling, and the fourth message comprises a medium access control-control element; and selecting the one or more taps based at least in part on receiving the first message, the third message, and the fourth message. ### Claim 12 (depends on 1) The method of claim 1, wherein receiving the first message comprises: receiving the one or more reference signals on one or more resources that include the first message. ### Claim 13 (depends on 12) The method of claim 12 further comprising: receiving a control message configuring a resource pool for sidelink communications with the second wireless device, wherein the resource pool comprises the one or more resources configured with one or more bitmaps, wherein at least one bitmap of the one or more bitmaps indicates the one or more taps. ### Claim 14 (depends on 12) The method of claim 12, wherein a resource configuration for the one or more reference signals comprises a bitmap indicating the one or more taps. ### Claim 15 (depends on 1) The method of claim 1 further comprising: selecting the one or more taps according to a threshold value of non-zero taps based at least in part on the first message, wherein the threshold value of non-zero taps is configured at the first wireless device. ### Claim 16 (depends on 1) The method of claim 1 further comprising: selecting the one or more taps according to a random tap pattern from a set of random tap patterns based at least in part on the first message; and transmitting an index of the random tap pattern to the second wireless device. ### Claim 17 (depends on 1) The method of claim 1 further comprising: encrypting one or more fields of the second message using the secret key, wherein the second message is communicated over the channel based at least in part on the encryption. ### Claim 18 (depends on 1) The method of claim 1, wherein communicating the signaling with the second wireless device comprises: transmitting the signaling comprising the second message to the second wireless device; or receiving the signaling comprising the second message from the second wireless device. ### Claim 19 A method for wireless communication at a first wireless device, comprising: transmitting, to a second wireless device, one or more reference signals over a channel between the first wireless device and the second wireless device; performing channel estimation for the channel based at least in part on the one or more reference signals, wherein a plurality of taps associated with the channel are determined based at least in part on the channel estimation; transmitting a first message to the second wireless device indicating one or more taps to be selected from the plurality of taps to obtain a secret key for encrypting a second message, wherein each tap of the plurality of taps corresponds to a different path between the first wireless device and the second wireless device; and communicating signaling with the second wireless device, the signaling comprising the second message that is encrypted with the secret key. ### Claim 20 (depends on 19) The method of claim 19 further comprising: determining a power delay profile, a channel impulse response, or both for the channel based at least in part on performing the channel estimation; and selecting the one or more taps to indicate in the first message from the power delay profile, the channel impulse response, or a combination thereof based at least in part on the channel estimation and the transmitted first message. ### Claim 21 (depends on 20) The method of claim 20, wherein the first message indicates the one or more taps according to a power threshold corresponding to the channel being satisfied at the second wireless device. ### Claim 22 (depends on 19) The method of claim 19 further comprising: determining one or more coefficients corresponding to a location of the one or more taps, wherein the secret key is obtained based at least in part on the one or more coefficients. ### Claim 23 (depends on 22) The method of claim 22 further comprising: mapping one or more taps to the one or more coefficients based at least in part on a respective index of each tap of the one or more taps; and quantizing the one or more coefficients based at least in part on applying a key derivation function to the one or more coefficients to obtain the secret key. ### Claim 24 (depends on 19) The method of claim 19 further comprising: determining that a signal-to-noise ratio for the channel satisfies a threshold based at least in part on performing the channel estimation; and encrypting the second message and one or more repeated pilot signals with the secret key based at least in part on the signal-to-noise ratio satisfying the threshold. ### Claim 25 (depends on 19) The method of claim 19 further comprising: determining that a signal-to-noise ratio for the channel satisfies a threshold based at least in part on performing the channel estimation; and performing a key refinement procedure to obtain a refined secret key based at least in part on the signal-to-noise ratio satisfying the threshold, wherein the second message is encrypted with the refined secret key. ### Claim 26 (depends on 19) The method of claim 19, wherein the first message comprises a bitmap indicating the one or more taps, the method further comprising: transmitting, prior to transmitting the first message, a third message indicating a plurality of bitmaps comprising the bitmap, each bitmap indicating a set of taps; and transmitting, prior to transmitting the first message and after transmitting the third message, a fourth message indicating one or more bitmaps comprising the bitmap, wherein the first message comprises a downlink control information message, the third message comprises radio resource control signaling, and the fourth message comprises a medium access control-control element, wherein indicating the one or more taps is based at least in part on transmitting the first message, the third message, and the fourth message. ### Claim 27 (depends on 19) The method of claim 19 further comprising: determining a threshold value of non-zero taps for the second wireless device; and selecting the one or more taps to indicate in the first message according to the threshold value of non-zero taps. ### Claim 28 (depends on 19) The method of claim 19 further comprising: receiving, from the second wireless device, an index of a random tap pattern from a set of random tap patterns, wherein the first message comprises the set of random tap patterns. ### Claim 29 An apparatus for wireless communication at a first wireless device, comprising: a processor, memory coupled with the processor; and instructions stored in the memory and executable by the processor to cause the apparatus to: receive, from a second wireless device, one or more reference signals over a channel between the first wireless device and the second wireless device; perform channel estimation for the channel based at least in part on the one or more reference signals, wherein a plurality of taps associated with the channel are determined based at least in part on the channel estimation; receive a first message from the second wireless device indicating one or more taps to be selected from the plurality of taps to obtain a secret key for encrypting a second message, wherein each tap of the plurality of taps corresponds to a different path between the first wireless device and the second wireless device; and communicate signaling with the second wireless device, the signaling comprising the second message that is encrypted with the secret key. ### Claim 30 An apparatus for wireless communication at a first wireless device, comprising: a processor; memory coupled with the processor; and instructions stored in the memory and executable by the processor to cause the apparatus to: transmit, to a second wireless device, one or more reference signals over a channel between the first wireless device and the second wireless device; perform channel estimation for the channel based at least in part on the one or more reference signals, wherein a plurality of taps associated with the channel are determined based at least in part on the channel estimation; transmit a first message to the second wireless device indicating one or more taps to be selected from the plurality of taps to obtain a secret key for encrypting a second message, wherein each tap of the plurality of taps corresponds to a different path between the first wireless device and the second wireless device; and communicate signaling with the second wireless device, the signaling comprising the second message that is encrypted with the secret key.