# US 12,113,496 B2 · Power amplifier with large output power > Agents: this data is available as JSON from the patentgrep API and MCP server — see https://patentgrep.com/llms.txt - Number: US 12,113,496 B2 - Document ID: US12113496B2 - Status: Granted - Kind: B2 - Application number: 17/621,781 - Filed: 2019-06-24 - Published: 2022-11-17 - Granted: 2024-10-08 - Earliest claimed: 2019-06-24 - Assignees: Telefonaktiebolaget LM Ericsson (publ) - Applicants: Telefonaktiebolaget LM Ericsson (publ) - Inventors: Mingquan Bao - Web page: https://patentgrep.com/patent/US12113496B2 ## CPC - H03F 3/607: {using FET's} - H03F 1/18: by use of distributed coupling {, i.e. distributed amplifiers (distributed amplifiers using coupling networks with distributed constants H03F3/605)} - H03F 1/565: {using inductive elements} - H03F 3/245: {with semiconductor devices only} - H03F 2200/246: A series resonance being added in shunt in the input circuit, e.g. base, gate, of an amplifier stage, e.g. as a trap - H03F 2200/423: Amplifier output adaptation especially for transmission line coupling purposes, e.g. impedance adaptation - H03F 2200/451: the amplifier being a radio frequency amplifier - H03H 7/38: Impedance-matching networks - H03F: AMPLIFIERS - H03H: IMPEDANCE NETWORKS, e.g. RESONANT CIRCUITS; RESONATORS (waveguides, resonators, lines or other devices of the waveguide type H01P) ## Abstract A power amplifier has a number n of power cells Ai, a number n of output transmission lines TL1i for combining output powers from the power cells, and a number n of impedance transformation network ITNi, where i=1, . . . n. The number n of output transmission lines are connected in series. The output terminal of each power cells is connected to its output transmission line via its impedance transformation network. Each impedance transformation network is an upward impedance transformation network for transforming an output impedance of each power cell at the input terminal of the impedance transformation network into a higher impedance at the output terminal of the impedance transformation network. A number n of input transmission lines TL0i (i=1, 2 . . . n)=connected in series. The input terminal of the i-th power cell is connected to the second terminal of the i-th transmission line via a capacitor, where i=1, . . . n. ## Claims ### Claim 1 A power amplifier comprising: a number n of power cells Ai, where i=1, . . . n, each power cell has an input terminal and an output terminal; a number n of output transmission lines TL1i for combining output powers from the power cells, where i=1, . . . n, each output transmission line having a first terminal and a second terminal, the second terminal of the i-th transmission line is connected to the first terminal of the (i+1)-th transmission line such that the number n of output transmission lines are connected in series; and a number n of impedance transformation network ITNi, where i=1, . . . n, each impedance transformation network has an input terminal and output terminal; the output terminal of i-th power cell is connected to the input terminal of the i-th impedance transformation network and the output terminal of the i-th impedance transformation network is connected to the first terminal of the i-th output transmission line; and each impedance transformation network is an upward impedance transformation network for transforming an output impedance of each power cell at the input terminal of the impedance transformation network into a higher impedance at the output terminal of the impedance transformation network. ### Claim 2 (depends on 1) The power amplifier according to claim 1, wherein each power cell comprises a common-source configured transistor, and wherein a gate of each transistor is connected to the input terminal of the power cell and a drain of each transistor is connected to the output terminal of the power cell, a source of each transistor is connected to a ground. ### Claim 3 (depends on 1) The power amplifier according to any one of claim 1, wherein each impedance transformation network is a tapped capacitor impedance transformation network comprising a first and second capacitors connected in series, where a second terminal of the first capacitor is connected to a first terminal of the second capacitor to form a tapped node, and wherein the input terminal of the impedance transformation network is connected to the tapped node, the output terminal of the impedance transformation network is connected to a first terminal of the first capacitor, a second terminal of the second capacitor is connected to a ground. ### Claim 4 (depends on 3) The power amplifier according to claim 3, wherein parasitic capacitance of a transistor in each power cell is a part of the tapped capacitor impedance transformation network. ### Claim 5 (depends on 1) The power amplifier according to claim 1, wherein each impedance transformation network is a tapped inductor impedance transformation network comprising a first and second inductors connected in series, where a second terminal of the first inductor is connected to a first terminal of the second inductor to form a tapped node, and wherein the input terminal of the impedance transformation network is connected to the tapped node, the output terminal of the impedance transformation network is connected to a first terminal of the first inductor, a second terminal of the second inductor is connected to a ground. ### Claim 6 (depends on 1) The power amplifier according to claim 1, wherein each impedance transformation network comprises a T-impedance matching network comprising at least three passive components connected in T-shape. ### Claim 7 (depends on 1) The power amplifier according to claim 1, wherein each impedance transformation network comprises a π-impedance matching network comprising at least three passive components connected in π-shape. ### Claim 8 (depends on 1) The power amplifier according to claim 1, wherein each impedance transformation network comprises a transformer. ### Claim 9 (depends on 1) The power amplifier according to claim 1, wherein the output transmission lines have different widths and lengths. ### Claim 10 (depends on 1) The power amplifier according to claim 1, wherein each of the output transmission lines has the same width and length. ### Claim 11 (depends on 1) The power amplifier according to claim 1, further comprising a number n of input transmission lines TLoi(i=1,2 . . . n) connected in series, each input transmission line has a first terminal and a second terminal, where the second terminal of the i-th transmission line is connected to the first terminal of the (i+1)-th transmission line, and the input terminal of the i-th power cell is connected to the second terminal of the i-th transmission line via a capacitor, where i=1, . . . n. and an input port of the whole PA is connected with the first terminal of the first transmission line. ### Claim 12 An electronic device comprising a power amplifier, the power amplifier comprising: a number n of power cells Ai, where i=1, . . . n, each power cell has an input terminal and an output terminal; a number n of output transmission lines TL1i for combining output powers from the power cells, where i=1 . . . n, each output transmission line having a first terminal and a second terminal, the second terminal of the i-th transmission line is connected to the first terminal of the (i+1)-th transmission line such that the number n of output transmission lines are connected in series; and a number n of impedance transformation network ITNi, where i=1 . . . n, each impedance transformation network has an input terminal and output terminal; the output terminal of i-th power cell is connected to the input terminal of the i-th impedance transformation network and the output terminal of the i-th impedance transformation network is connected to the first terminal of the i-th output transmission line; and each impedance transformation network is an upward impedance transformation network for transforming an output impedance of each power cell at the input terminal of the impedance transformation network into a higher impedance at the output terminal of the impedance transformation network. ### Claim 13 (depends on 12) The electronic device according to claim 12, wherein the electronic device is one of a transmitter, a transceiver, a base station, a mobile device, and a user equipment in a wireless communication system. ### Claim 14 (depends on 12) The electronic device according to claim 12, wherein each power cell comprises a common-source configured transistor, and wherein a gate of each transistor is connected to the input terminal of the power cell and a drain of each transistor is connected to the output terminal of the power cell, a source of each transistor is connected to a ground. ### Claim 15 (depends on 12) The electronic device according to claim 12, wherein each impedance transformation network is a tapped capacitor impedance transformation network comprising a first and second capacitors connected in series, where a second terminal of the first capacitor is connected to a first terminal of the second capacitor to form a tapped node, and wherein the input terminal of the impedance transformation network is connected to the tapped node, the output terminal of the impedance transformation network is connected to a first terminal of the first capacitor, a second terminal of the second capacitor is connected to a ground. ### Claim 16 (depends on 15) The electronic device according to claim 15, wherein parasitic capacitance of a transistor in each power cell is a part of the tapped capacitor impedance transformation network. ### Claim 17 (depends on 12) The electronic device according to claim 12, wherein each impedance transformation network is a tapped inductor impedance transformation network comprising a first and second inductors connected in series, where a second terminal of the first inductor is connected to a first terminal of the second inductor to form a tapped node, and wherein the input terminal of the impedance transformation network is connected to the tapped node, the output terminal of the impedance transformation network is connected to a first terminal of the first inductor, a second terminal of the second inductor is connected to a ground. ### Claim 18 (depends on 12) The electronic device according to claim 12, wherein each impedance transformation network comprises a T-impedance matching network comprising at least three passive components connected in T-shape. ### Claim 19 (depends on 12) The electronic device according to claim 12, wherein each impedance transformation network comprises a π-impedance matching network comprising at least three passive components connected in π-shape. ### Claim 20 (depends on 12) The electronic device according to claim 12, wherein each impedance transformation network comprises a transformer.