Large-format battery management system with state of charge balancing

A first battery pack configured for installation in a battery system for electrically powering an end device, wherein all installed battery packs installed in the battery system have identical electrical and electronic components, the first battery pack comprising:

• a communication interface circuit configured to interface to a communication channel;
• a power bus interface circuit configured to interface with a power bus and to provide electrical power to the end device;
• a controller comprising at least one processor;
• and
• a memory storing controller instructions that, when executed by the at least one processor, cause the controller to:
• when the first battery pack serves as a master battery pack of the battery system:
• gather battery status information from each of the installed battery packs, wherein the installed battery packs comprise the master battery pack and one or more all slave battery packs and wherein the battery status information from each battery pack includes testate of charge (SoC) data;
• determine, based the battery status information, whether a first subset of the installed battery packs have different SoC data;
• select a first type of balancing from a plurality of balancing types appropriate for the first subset of the installed battery packs;
• and
• perform the selected first type of balancing until desired SoC values are obtained for the first subset of the installed battery packs.