# US 12,113,192 B2 · Battery system and battery module

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- Number: US 12,113,192 B2
- Document ID: US12113192B2
- Status: Granted
- Kind: B2
- Application number: 15/097,875
- Filed: 2016-04-13
- Published: 2016-08-11
- Granted: 2024-10-08
- Earliest claimed: 2013-12-11
- Assignees: Bayerische Motoren Werke Aktiengesellschaft
- Applicants: Bayerische Motoren Werke Aktiengesellschaft
- Inventors: Stephan Weileder; Nicolas Flahaut; Michael Huber; Florian Einoegg; Sebastian Siering; Andreas Ring
- Web page: https://patentgrep.com/patent/US12113192B2

## CPC

- H01M 10/6568: characterised by flow circuits, e.g. loops, located externally to the cells or cell casings
- B60L 58/26: by cooling
- H01M 10/613: Cooling or keeping cold
- H01M 10/617: for achieving uniformity or desired distribution of temperature
- H01M 10/625: Vehicles
- H01M 10/6556: Solid parts with flow channel passages or pipes for heat exchange (closed pipes H01M10/6552)
- H01M 10/656: characterised by the type of heat-exchange fluid
- H01M 10/6567: Liquids
- H01M 10/6569: Fluids undergoing a liquid-gas phase change or transition, e.g. evaporation or condensation (heat pipes H01M10/6552)
- H01M 50/209: adapted for prismatic or rectangular cells (H01M50/216 takes precedence)
- H01M 50/24: adapted for protecting batteries from their environment, e.g. from corrosion (thermal insulation H01M10/658)
- H01M 50/249: specially adapted for aircraft or vehicles, e.g. cars or trains (constructional details of batteries specially adapted for electric vehicles B60L50/64)
- B60L 2240/545: Temperature
- H01M 2220/20: Batteries in motive systems, e.g. vehicle, ship, plane
- Y02E 60/10: Energy storage using batteries
- Y02T 10/70: Energy storage systems for electromobility, e.g. batteries
- H01M: PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- B60L: PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES (arrangements or mounting of electrical propulsion units or of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion in vehicles B60K1/00, B60K6/20; arrangements or mounting of electrical gearing in vehicles B60K17/12, B60K17/14; preventing wheel slip by reducing power in rail vehicles B61C15/08; dynamo-electric machines H02K; control or regulation of electric motors H02P); SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES (electric coupling devices combined with mechanical couplings of vehicles B60D1/64; electric heating for vehicles B60H1/00); ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL (control or regulation of electric motors H02P); MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
- Y02E: REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02T: CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION

## Abstract

A battery module is provided having a cooling apparatus including at least one first line and at least one second line, wherein the first line and the second line conduct a fluid and absorb heat from cells of the battery module and transfer the heat to the fluid. The first line and the second line extend perpendicular to the cells of the battery module. The first line and the second line are arranged parallel to one another. A flow direction of the fluid in the first line is opposite a flow direction of the fluid in the second line.

## Claims

### Claim 1

A battery module, comprising:
an array of battery cells; and
a cooling apparatus having a first line and a second line, each carrying a fluid flowing therein so as to each independently absorb heat from the cells of the battery module and transfer said heat to the fluid,
wherein the first line and the second line each extend perpendicular to the cells and parallel to one another across the array, an outlet of the first line is fluidically coupled to an inlet of the second line, and a flow direction of the fluid in the first line is opposite to a flow direction of the fluid in the second line, such that the cooling capacity of the fluid in the first line is greater than the cooling capacity of the fluid in the second line, and such that the cooling capacity of the fluid flowing through the first line and the second line is averaged.

### Claim 2 (depends on 1)

The battery module according to claim 1, wherein each cell of the battery module has a compensating medium by which a temperature difference between the first line and the second line is compensated.

### Claim 3 (depends on 1)

The battery module according to claim 1, wherein each cell of the battery module has a housing by which a temperature difference between the first line and the second line is compensated.

### Claim 4 (depends on 1)

The battery module according to claim 1, wherein the fluid is a refrigerant or a coolant.

### Claim 5

A battery system comprising a multiplicity of battery modules, each battery module comprising:
an array of battery cells; and
a cooling apparatus having a first line and a second line, each carrying a fluid flowing therein so as to each independently absorb heat from the cells of the battery module and transfer said heat to the fluid,
wherein the first line and the second line each extend perpendicular to the cells and parallel to one another across the array, an outlet of the first line is fluidically coupled to an inlet of the second line, and a flow direction of the fluid in the first line is opposite to a flow direction of the fluid in the second line, such that the cooling capacity of the fluid in the first line is greater than the cooling capacity of the fluid in the second line, and such that the cooling capacity of the fluid flowing through the first line and the second line is averaged, and
wherein the multiplicity of battery modules are arranged such that the first lines and the second lines of the battery modules extend parallel to one another, and a flow direction of the fluid within the first lines is identical in adjacent battery modules.

### Claim 6 (depends on 5)

The battery system according to claim 5, wherein:
the first lines of the battery modules and the second lines of the battery modules are connected in series between a first battery module and a last battery module,
the first line of the first battery module receives the fluid and the second line of the first battery modules discharges the fluid, and
a connecting element connects the first line of the last battery module and the second line of the last battery module.

### Claim 7 (depends on 5)

The battery system according to claim 5, wherein:
each first line of each battery module is connected to at least one first manifold which receives the fluid,
each second line of each battery module is connected to at least one second manifold which discharges the fluid, and
one connecting element in each case connects the first line and the second line of each battery module.

### Claim 8 (depends on 5)

The battery system according to claim 5, wherein:
the battery system is subdivided into a multiplicity of subregions having a predefined number of battery modules,
the first lines of the battery modules within a subregion and the second lines of the battery modules within a subregion are connected in series between a first battery module and a last battery module,
a connecting element connects the first line and the second line of the last battery module of each subregion,
the first line of the first battery modules of each subregion is connected to at least one first manifold which receives the fluid, and
the second line of the first battery modules of each subregion is connected to at least one second manifold which discharges the fluid.

### Claim 9

A battery system comprising a multiplicity of battery modules, each battery module comprising:
an array of battery cells; and
a cooling apparatus having a first line and a second line, each carrying a fluid flowing therein so as to each independently absorb heat from the cells of the battery module and transfer said heat to the fluid,
wherein the first line and the second line each extend perpendicular to the cells and parallel to one another across the array, an outlet of the first line is fluidically coupled to an inlet of the second line, and a flow direction of the fluid in the first line is opposite to a flow direction of the fluid in the second line, such that the cooling capacity of the fluid in the first line is greater than the cooling capacity of the fluid in the second line, and such that the cooling capacity of the fluid flowing through the first line and the second line is averaged, and
wherein the battery modules are arranged such that the first lines and the second lines of the battery modules extend parallel to one another, and a flow direction of the fluid within the first lines is opposite in adjacent battery modules.

### Claim 10 (depends on 9)

The battery system according to claim 9, wherein:
the first lines of the battery modules and the second lines of the battery modules are connected in series between a first battery module and a last battery module,
the first line of the first battery module receives the fluid and the second line of the first battery modules discharges the fluid, and
a connecting element connects the first line of the last battery module and the second line of the last battery module.

### Claim 11 (depends on 9)

The battery system according to claim 9, wherein:
each first line of each battery module is connected to at least one first manifold which receives the fluid,
each second line of each battery module is connected to at least one second manifold which discharges the fluid, and
one connecting element in each case connects the first line and the second line of each battery module.

### Claim 12 (depends on 9)

The battery system according to claim 9, wherein:
the battery system is subdivided into a multiplicity of subregions having a predefined number of battery modules,
the first lines of the battery modules within a subregion and the second lines of the battery modules within a subregion are connected in series between a first battery module and a last battery module,
a connecting element connects the first line and the second line of the last battery module of each subregion,
the first line of the first battery modules of each subregion is connected to at least one first manifold which receives the fluid, and
the second line of the first battery modules of each subregion is connected to at least one second manifold which discharges the fluid.

### Claim 13

A vehicle, comprising:
a battery module, the battery module comprising:
an array of battery cells; and
a cooling apparatus having a first line and a second line, each carrying a fluid flowing therein so as to each independently absorb heat from the cells of the battery module and transfer said heat to the fluid,
wherein the first line and the second line each extend perpendicular to the cells and parallel to one another across the array, an outlet of the first line is fluidically coupled to an inlet of the second line, and a flow direction of the fluid in the first line is opposite to a flow direction of the fluid in the second line, such that the cooling capacity of the fluid in the first line is greater than the cooling capacity of the fluid in the second line, and such that the cooling capacity of the fluid flowing through the first line and the second line is averaged.

### Claim 14 (depends on 13)

The vehicle according to claim 13, wherein each cell of the battery module has a compensating medium by which a temperature difference between the first line and the second line is compensated.

### Claim 15 (depends on 13)

The vehicle according to claim 13, wherein each cell of the battery module has a housing by which a temperature difference between the first line and the second line is compensated.

### Claim 16 (depends on 13)

The vehicle according to claim 13, wherein the fluid is a refrigerant or a coolant.

### Claim 17 (depends on 13)

The vehicle according to claim 13, wherein a multiplicity of battery modules are provided, and wherein the battery modules are arranged such that the first lines and the second lines of the battery modules extend parallel to one another, and further wherein a flow direction of the fluid within the first lines is identical in adjacent battery modules.

### Claim 18 (depends on 13)

The vehicle according to claim 13, wherein a multiplicity of battery modules are provided, and wherein the battery modules are arranged such that the first lines and the second lines of the battery modules extend parallel to one another, and further wherein a flow direction of the fluid within the first lines is opposite in adjacent battery modules.