# US 12,113,164 B2 · Electrolyte or electrode additives for increasing metal content in metal-ion batteries > Agents: this data is available as JSON from the patentgrep API and MCP server — see https://patentgrep.com/llms.txt - Number: US 12,113,164 B2 - Document ID: US12113164B2 - Status: Granted - Kind: B2 - Application number: 18/315,245 - Filed: 2023-05-10 - Published: 2023-09-07 - Granted: 2024-10-08 - Earliest claimed: 2013-08-30 - Assignees: Sila Nanotechnologies, Inc. - Applicants: Sila Nanotechnologies, Inc. - Inventors: Gleb Yushin; Bogdan Zdyrko; Alexander Thomas Jacobs; Eugene Michael Berdichevsky - Web page: https://patentgrep.com/patent/US12113164B2 ## CPC - H01M 10/0525: Rocking-chair batteries, i.e. batteries with lithium insertion or intercalation in both electrodes; Lithium-ion batteries - H01M 10/054: Accumulators with insertion or intercalation of metals other than lithium, e.g. with magnesium or aluminium - H01M 10/4235: {Safety or regulating additives or arrangements in electrodes, separators or electrolyte (H01M10/4242 takes precedence)} - H01M 10/446: {Initial charging measures} - H01M 50/691: Arrangements or processes for draining liquids from casings; Cleaning battery or cell casings - Y02E 60/10: Energy storage using batteries - Y02P 70/50: Manufacturing or production processes characterised by the final manufactured product - Y02T 10/70: Energy storage systems for electromobility, e.g. batteries - Y10T 29/49108: Electric battery cell making - H01M: PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY - Y02E: REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION - Y02P: CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS - Y02T: CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION - Y10T: TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION ## Abstract Metal-ion battery cells are provided that take advantage of the disclosed “doping” process. The cells may be fabricated from anode and cathode electrodes, a separator, and an electrolyte. A metal-ion additive may be incorporated into (i) one or more of the electrodes, (ii) the separator, or (iii) the electrolyte. The metal-ion additive provides additional donor ions corresponding to the metal ions stored and released by anode and cathode active material particles. An activation potential may then be applied to the anode and cathode electrodes to release the additional donor ions into the battery cell. ## Claims ### Claim 1 A Li-ion battery comprising: an anode electrically connected to an anode current collector; a cathode electrically connected to a cathode current collector; a separator interposed between the anode and the cathode; and an electrolyte ionically coupling the anode and the cathode, wherein an anode composition of the anode comprises silicon (Si), wherein an electrolyte composition of the electrolyte comprises LiPF6 salt, wherein a cathode composition of the cathode comprises (i) active Li-comprising cathode material selected from lithium cobalt oxide, lithium nickel cobalt aluminum oxide (NCA), lithium nickel cobalt manganese oxide (NCM), or a lithium metal oxy-fluoride and (ii) a high capacity Li-comprising cathode additive, and wherein the high capacity Li-comprising cathode additive exhibits at least about 10% higher volumetric capacity than the active Li-comprising cathode material, wherein the high capacity Li-comprising cathode additive is in direct contact with an electrically conductive material, and wherein the electrically conductive material is arranged as a shell layer or a coating of the high capacity Li-comprising cathode additive. ### Claim 2 (depends on 1) The Li-ion battery of claim 1, wherein the anode composition further comprises graphite. ### Claim 3 (depends on 1) The Li-ion battery of claim 1, wherein the anode composition exhibits first cycle losses in a range from about 4% to about 45%. ### Claim 4 (depends on 3) The Li-ion battery of claim 3, wherein the first cycle losses are in a range from about 4% to about 20%. ### Claim 5 (depends on 4) The Li-ion battery of claim 4, wherein the first cycle losses are in a range from about 4% to about 15%. ### Claim 6 (depends on 1) The Li-ion battery of claim 1, wherein the electrolyte composition further comprises one or more carbonate solvents. ### Claim 7 (depends on 6) The Li-ion battery of claim 6, wherein the one or more carbonate solvents comprise fluoroethylene carbonate (FEC). ### Claim 8 (depends on 6) The Li-ion battery of claim 6, wherein the one or more carbonate solvents comprise vinylene carbonate (VC) or vinyl ethylene carbonate (VEC). ### Claim 9 (depends on 1) The Li-ion battery of claim 1, wherein the electrolyte composition further comprises one or more esters. ### Claim 10 (depends on 1) The Li-ion battery of claim 1, wherein the electrolyte composition further comprises one or more nitriles. ### Claim 11 (depends on 1) The Li-ion battery of claim 1, wherein the electrolyte composition further comprises one or more sulfites. ### Claim 12 (depends on 11) The Li-ion battery of claim 11, wherein the one or more sulfites comprise fluoroethylene sulfite. ### Claim 13 (depends on 1) The Li-ion battery of claim 1, wherein the electrolyte composition further comprises a LiC2NO4F6S2. ### Claim 14 (depends on 1) The Li-ion battery of claim 1, wherein the high capacity Li-comprising cathode additive is uniformly distributed within the cathode. ### Claim 15 (depends on 1) The Li-ion battery of claim 1, wherein the high capacity Li-comprising cathode additive is located at least in a surface layer of the cathode. ### Claim 16 (depends on 1) The Li-ion battery of claim 1, wherein at least some of the high capacity Li-comprising cathode additive is comprised in an interlayer between a cathode current collector foil and the cathode. ### Claim 17 (depends on 1) The Li-ion battery of claim 1, wherein the electrically conductive material comprises carbon. ### Claim 18 (depends on 1) The Li-ion battery of claim 1, wherein the high capacity Li-comprising cathode additive comprises a metal oxide. ### Claim 19 (depends on 18) The Li-ion battery of claim 18, wherein the metal oxide comprises vanadium. ### Claim 20 (depends on 19) The Li-ion battery of claim 19, wherein the metal oxide comprises a lithium vanadium oxide. ### Claim 21 (depends on 20) The Li-ion battery of claim 20, wherein the lithium vanadium oxide is Li2V2O5 or Li3V2O5. ### Claim 22 (depends on 18) The Li-ion battery of claim 18, wherein the metal oxide comprises Li2O. ### Claim 23 (depends on 22) The Li-ion battery of claim 22, wherein the Li2O is in direct contact with a catalyst material particle that decreases Li extraction potential of the Li2O. ### Claim 24 (depends on 18) The Li-ion battery of claim 18, wherein the metal oxide comprises iron. ### Claim 25 (depends on 24) The Li-ion battery of claim 24, wherein at least some of the iron is present in a 3+ oxidation state. ### Claim 26 (depends on 24) The Li-ion battery of claim 24, wherein the metal oxide is a lithium iron oxide. ### Claim 27 (depends on 18) The Li-ion battery of claim 18, wherein the metal oxide is a reaction product of Li2O and an amphoteric compound. ### Claim 28 (depends on 27) The Li-ion battery of claim 27, wherein the amphoteric compound is another metal oxide. ### Claim 29 (depends on 1) The Li-ion battery of claim 1, wherein the high capacity Li-comprising cathode additive comprises a Li salt of an organic acid. ### Claim 30 (depends on 29) The Li-ion battery of claim 29, wherein the organic acid comprises more than one carboxylic group. ### Claim 31 (depends on 30) The Li-ion battery of claim 30, wherein the organic acid comprises oxalic acid or citric acid.