# US 12,111,404 B2 · Enhanced messaging to handle SPS spoofing > Agents: this data is available as JSON from the patentgrep API and MCP server — see https://patentgrep.com/llms.txt - Number: US 12,111,404 B2 - Document ID: US12111404B2 - Status: Granted - Kind: B2 - Application number: 17/244,770 - Filed: 2021-04-29 - Published: 2022-11-03 - Granted: 2024-10-08 - Earliest claimed: 2021-04-29 - Assignees: QUALCOMM Incorporated - Applicants: QUALCOMM Incorporated - Inventors: Mohammed Ataur Rahman Shuman; Dan Vassilovski; Jonathan Petit - Web page: https://patentgrep.com/patent/US12111404B2 ## CPC - G01S 19/215: {issues related to spoofing} - G01S 19/396: {Determining accuracy or reliability of position or pseudorange measurements} - G01S 5/0072: {Transmission between mobile stations, e.g. anti-collision systems} - G01S 19/48: by combining or switching between position solutions derived from the satellite radio beacon positioning system and position solutions derived from a further system - H04L 63/1466: {Active attacks involving interception, injection, modification, spoofing of data unit addresses, e.g. hijacking, packet injection or TCP sequence number attacks} - H04W 12/122: Counter-measures against attacks; Protection against rogue devices - H04W 4/40: for vehicles, e.g. vehicle-to-pedestrians [V2P] - G01S: RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES - H04L: TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION (arrangements common to telegraphic and telephonic communication H04M) - H04W: WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS (broadcast communication H04H; communication systems using wireless links for non-selective communication, e.g. wireless extensions H04M1/72) ## Abstract Techniques are discussed herein for transmission of location information by a user equipment (UE) to other UEs. A UE receives Satellite Positioning System (SPS) signals and determines whether the SPS signals are reliable. The UE determines a location estimate to be transmitted to other UEs using the SPS signals if the SPS signals are determined to be reliable and using non-SPS information if the SPS signals are determined to be not reliable. The location information is transmitted to other UEs in a message that includes an indication of the source of information used to generate the location estimate. A UE that receives the message may determine its location estimate based, at least in part, on the indication of the source of information, e.g., by determining whether SPS signals are reliable based, at least in part, on the indication of the source of information received in the message. ## Claims ### Claim 1 A method performed by a user equipment (UE) for transmitting location information, the method comprising: receiving SPS (Satellite Positioning System) signals; determining whether the received SPS signals are reliable; determining a location estimate to be transmitted to other UEs, wherein a source of information used to determine the location estimate is the SPS signals if the received SPS signals are determined to be reliable and the source of information used to determine the location estimate is non-SPS information if the received SPS signals are determined to be not reliable; and transmitting to one or more UEs, a wireless message that includes the location estimate for the UE and an indication of the source of information used to generate the location estimate, wherein the indication of the source of information comprises a variable indicating whether the source of information is the SPS signals or the non-SPS information, and wherein the non-SPS information indicating a wireless signal-based source of information comprising at least one of cellular signals, local area network (LAN) signals, sidelink signals, time difference of arrival (TDOA) positioning, angle of arrival (AoA) positioning, received signal strength (RSS) positioning, or any combinations thereof. ### Claim 2 (depends on 1) The method of claim 1, wherein the indication of the source of information is provided in an information element in a location information message transmitted to the one or more UEs. ### Claim 3 (depends on 1) The method of claim 1, further comprising providing an indication whether the SPS signals are reliable in the wireless message transmitted to the one or more UEs. ### Claim 4 (depends on 1) The method of claim 1, further comprising: determining a first location estimate based on the SPS signals; determining a second location estimate based on the non-SPS information; and comparing the first location estimate to the second location estimate; wherein whether the received SPS signals are reliable is determined based on the comparison of the first location estimate to the second location estimate. ### Claim 5 (depends on 4) The method of claim 4, wherein the determining the location estimate to be transmitted to the other UEs comprises selecting the first location estimate to be transmitted to the other UEs if the received SPS signals are determined to be reliable and selecting the second location estimate to be transmitted to the other UEs if the received SPS signals are determined to be not reliable. ### Claim 6 (depends on 1) The method of claim 1, wherein the non-SPS information comprises at least one of a cached location for the UE, received location information for other UEs, received cellular signals, received local area network (LAN) signals, or a combination thereof. ### Claim 7 (depends on 1) The method of claim 1, wherein the UE is one of a vehicle based UE, a roadside unit, pedestrian held UE, or a smart device. ### Claim 8 (depends on 1) The method of claim 1, wherein the wireless message is one of a vehicle-to-everything (V2X) message, a peer-to-peer message, infrastructure-based message a Common Awareness Message (CAM), a Decentralized Notification Message (DENM), or a Basic Safety Message (BSM). ### Claim 9 A user equipment (UE) configured for transmitting location information, the UE comprising: at least one wireless transceiver configured to wirelessly communicate with entities in a wireless network; an SPS (Satellite Positioning System) receiver configured to receive SPS signals; at least one memory; and at least one processor coupled to the at least one wireless transceiver, the SPS receiver, and the at least one memory, wherein the at least one processor is configured to: receive, via the SPS receiver, SPS signals; determine whether the received SPS signals are reliable; determine a location estimate to be transmitted to other UEs, wherein a source of information used to determine the location estimate is the SPS signals if the received SPS signals are determined to be reliable and the source of information used to determine the location estimate is non-SPS information if the received SPS signals are determined to be not reliable; and transmit, via the at least one wireless transceiver, to one or more UEs, a wireless message that includes the location estimate for the UE and an indication of the source of information used to generate the location estimate, wherein the indication of the source of information comprises a variable indicating whether the source of information is the SPS signals or the non-SPS information, and wherein the non-SPS information indicating a wireless signal-based source of information comprising at least one of cellular signals, local area network (LAN) signals, sidelink signals, time difference of arrival (TDOA) positioning, angle of arrival (AoA) positioning, received signal strength (RSS) positioning, or any combinations thereof. ### Claim 10 (depends on 9) The UE of claim 9, wherein the indication of the source of information is provided in an information element in a location information message transmitted to the one or more UEs. ### Claim 11 (depends on 9) The UE of claim 9, wherein the at least one processor is further configured to provide an indication whether the SPS signals are reliable in the wireless message transmitted to the one or more UEs. ### Claim 12 (depends on 9) The UE of claim 9, wherein the at least one processor is further configured to: determine a first location estimate based on the SPS signals; determine a second location estimate based on the non-SPS information; and compare the first location estimate to the second location estimate; wherein whether the received SPS signals are reliable is determined based on the comparison of the first location estimate to the second location estimate. ### Claim 13 (depends on 12) The UE of claim 12, wherein the at least one processor is configured to determine the location estimate to be transmitted to the other UEs by being configured to select the first location estimate to be transmitted to the other UEs if the received SPS signals are determined to be reliable and to select the second location estimate to be transmitted to the other UEs if the received SPS signals are determined to be not reliable. ### Claim 14 (depends on 9) The UE of claim 9, wherein the non-SPS information comprises at least one of a cached location for the UE, received location information for other UEs, received cellular signals, received local area network (LAN) signals, or a combination thereof. ### Claim 15 (depends on 9) The UE of claim 9, wherein the UE is one of a vehicle based UE, a roadside unit, pedestrian held UE, or a smart device. ### Claim 16 (depends on 9) The UE of claim 9, wherein the wireless message is one of a vehicle-to-everything (V2X) message, a peer-to-peer message, infrastructure-based message, a Common Awareness Message (CAM), a Decentralized Notification Message (DENM), or a Basic Safety Message (BSM). ### Claim 17 A user equipment (UE) configured for transmitting location information, the UE comprising: means for receiving SPS (Satellite Positioning System) signals; means for determining whether the received SPS signals are reliable; means for determining a location estimate to be transmitted to other UEs, wherein a source of information used to determine the location estimate is the SPS signals if the received SPS signals are determined to be reliable and the source of information used to determine the location estimate is non-SPS information if the received SPS signals are determined to be not reliable; and means for transmitting to one or more UEs, a wireless message that includes the location estimate for the UE and an indication of the source of information used to generate the location estimate, wherein the indication of the source of information comprises a variable indicating whether the source of information is the SPS signals or the non-SPS information, and wherein the non-SPS information indicating a wireless signal-based source of information comprising at least one of cellular signals, local area network (LAN) signals, sidelink signals, time difference of arrival (TDOA) positioning, angle of arrival (AoA) positioning, received signal strength (RSS) positioning, or any combinations thereof. ### Claim 18 (depends on 17) The UE of claim 17, wherein the indication of the source of information is provided in an information element in a location information wireless message transmitted to the one or more UEs. ### Claim 19 (depends on 17) The UE of claim 17, further comprising: means for determining a first location estimate based on the SPS signals; means for determining a second location estimate based on the non-SPS information; and means for comparing the first location estimate to the second location estimate; wherein whether the received SPS signals are reliable is determined based on the comparison of the first location estimate to the second location estimate.