# US 12,111,364 B2 · Apparatus for and method of non-destructive-type diagnosis of degree of battery degradation > Agents: this data is available as JSON from the patentgrep API and MCP server — see https://patentgrep.com/llms.txt - Number: US 12,111,364 B2 - Document ID: US12111364B2 - Status: Granted - Kind: B2 - Application number: 17/893,487 - Filed: 2022-08-23 - Published: 2023-07-27 - Granted: 2024-10-08 - Earliest claimed: 2022-01-27 - Assignees: Hyundai Motor Company; Kia Corporation - Applicants: Hyundai Motor Company; Kia Corporation - Inventors: Chun Yong Kang - Web page: https://patentgrep.com/patent/US12111364B2 ## CPC - G01R 31/392: Determining battery ageing or deterioration, e.g. state of health - G01J 5/00: Radiation pyrometry, e.g. infrared or optical thermometry - G01K 7/02: using thermoelectric elements, e.g. thermocouples - G01K 17/00: Measuring quantity of heat (measuring temperature by calorimetry G01K3/00 - G01K11/00; specially adapted for measuring thermal properties of materials, e.g. specific heat, heat of combustion G01N) - G01R 31/374: with means for correcting the measurement for temperature or ageing - G01R 31/389: Measuring internal impedance, internal conductance or related variables - H02J 7/84: Control of state of health [SOH] - G01J 2005/0077: {Imaging} - Y02E 60/10: Energy storage using batteries - G01R: MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES (indicating correct tuning of resonant circuits H03J3/12) - G01J: MEASUREMENT OF INTENSITY, VELOCITY, SPECTRAL CONTENT, POLARISATION, PHASE OR PULSE CHARACTERISTICS OF INFRARED, VISIBLE OR ULTRAVIOLET LIGHT; COLORIMETRY; RADIATION PYROMETRY (light sources F21, H01J, H01K, H05B; investigating properties of materials by optical means G01N) - G01K: MEASURING TEMPERATURE; MEASURING QUANTITY OF HEAT; THERMALLY-SENSITIVE ELEMENTS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR (radiation pyrometry G01J5/00) - H02J: ELECTRIC POWER NETWORKS; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY - Y02E: REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION ## Abstract Disclosed is an apparatus for non-destructive-type diagnosis of a degree of degradation of a battery. The apparatus includes: a chamber inside which a battery subject to inspection is arranged; a charging and discharging unit connected to a lead portion of the battery and charging or discharging the battery; a thermoelectric element module thermally connected to the battery and generating an electromotive force caused by heat generated by charging and discharging the battery; a first measurement unit measuring the electromotive force generated by the thermoelectric element module; a second measurement unit measuring a change in impedance due to the charging and discharging of the battery; and a determination unit comparing data on the electromotive force of the battery, measured by the first measurement unit, and data on the impedance of the battery, measured by the second measurement unit, with pre-prepared comparative data and determining a degree of degradation of the battery. ## Claims ### Claim 1 An apparatus for non-destructive-type diagnosis of a degree of degradation of a battery, the apparatus comprising: a chamber inside which a battery subject to inspection is arranged; a charging and discharging unit connected to a lead portion of the battery and configured to charge or discharge the battery; a thermoelectric element module thermally connected to the battery inside the chamber and configured to generate an electromotive force caused by heat generated by charging and discharging the battery; a first measurement unit configured to measure the electromotive force generated by the thermoelectric element module; a second measurement unit configured to measure a change in impedance due to the charging and discharging of the battery; and a determination unit configured to compare data on the electromotive force of the battery, the electromotive force being measured by the first measurement unit, and data on the impedance of the battery, the impedance being measured by the second measurement unit, with pre-prepared comparative data and determining a degree of degradation of the battery, wherein the thermoelectric element modules are combined with the battery in such a manner that respective inside surfaces of the thermoelectric element modules are brought into surface contact with both lateral surfaces, respectively, of the battery and thus the electromotive force is generated at the both lateral surfaces of the battery at the same time. ### Claim 2 (depends on 1) The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the determination unit collects the data on the electromotive force measured by the first measurement unit, quantifies a total amount of heat generated in the battery, and compares the quantified total amount of heat generated with the comparative data. ### Claim 3 (depends on 1) The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the determination unit derives an impedance waveform through use of the data on the impedance measured by the second measurement unit and compares the derived impedance waveform with the comparative data. ### Claim 4 (depends on 1) The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the chamber is a constant-temperature chamber inside which temperature is kept constant. ### Claim 5 (depends on 1) The apparatus of claim 1, wherein one lateral surface of each of the thermoelectric element modules is brought into contact with the battery, and a heat sink is combined with the other lateral surface thereof. ### Claim 6 (depends on 1) The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the thermoelectric element modules that are positioned on the both lateral surfaces, respectively, of the battery are pressed in a direction in which the thermoelectric element modules approach each other and thus applies a surface pressure to the battery. ### Claim 7 (depends on 1) The apparatus of claim 1 further comprising: a thermal imaging unit image-capturing a heat distribution of the battery that changes inside the chamber when charging and discharging the battery. ### Claim 8 (depends on 7) The apparatus of claim 7, wherein the determination unit compares the data on the impedance of the battery, the impedance being measured by the second measurement unit, and the heat distribution of the battery that is image-captured by the thermal imaging unit and determines a cause of the degradation of the battery. ### Claim 9 (depends on 7) The apparatus of claim 7, wherein the thermal imaging unit image-captures the heat distribution of the battery that changes for a reference time from a starting point in time for the charging and discharging of the battery to an ending point in time for the charging and discharging of the battery. ### Claim 10 (depends on 1) The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the pre-prepared comparative data is determined as a value of the degree of degradation that is estimated based on the data on the impedance, wherein the impedance is measured in a sample corresponding to each of subsections that result from linearly dividing a section between a total amount of heat generated that is quantified from an electromotive force measured in a sample of a battery in a fresh state and a total amount of heat generated that is quantified from an electromotive force measured in a sample of a battery that exceeds an end of life. ### Claim 11 (depends on 10) The apparatus of claim 10, wherein the sample of the battery that exceeds the end of life is determined as a battery that corresponds to or exceeds a reference percentile of a sample group that includes a plurality of samples of the battery that exceed the end of life. ### Claim 12 (depends on 1) The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the first measurement unit measures the electromotive force generated by the thermoelectric element module due to the heat generated in the battery due to the charging and discharging of the battery, from a starting point in time for the charging and discharging of the battery to an ending point in time for the charging and discharging of the battery. ### Claim 13 (depends on 1) The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the second measurement unit measures a change in the impedance due to the charging and discharging of the battery from a starting point in time for the charging and discharging of the battery to an end point in time for the charging and discharging of the battery. ### Claim 14 A method of non-destructive-type diagnosis of a degree of degradation of a battery, the method comprising: installing a battery subject to inspection on a thermoelectric element module inside a chamber; connecting a charging and discharging unit to a lead portion of the battery and charging or discharging the battery; measuring, by a first measurement unit, an electromotive force generated by the thermoelectric element module due to heat generated in the battery due to the charging and discharging of the battery; measuring, by a second measurement unit, a change in impedance due to the charging and discharging of the battery; and comparing, by a determination unit, data on the electromotive force of the battery, the electromotive force being measured by the first measurement unit, and data on the impedance of the battery, the impedance being measured by the second measurement unit, with pre-prepared comparative data and determining a degree of degradation of the battery, wherein the pre-prepared comparative data is determined as a value of the degree of degradation that is estimated based on the data on the impedance, wherein the impedance is measured in a sample corresponding to each of subsections that result from linearly dividing a section between a total amount of heat generated that is quantified from an electromotive force measured in a sample of a battery in a fresh state and a total amount of heat generated that is quantified from an electromotive force measured in a sample of a battery that exceeds an end of life. ### Claim 15 (depends on 14) The method of claim 14, wherein the sample of the battery that exceeds the end of life is determined as a battery that corresponds to or exceeds a reference percentile of a sample group that includes a plurality of samples of the battery that exceed the end of life. ### Claim 16 An apparatus for non-destructive-type diagnosis of a degree of degradation of a battery, the apparatus comprising: a chamber inside which a battery subject to inspection is arranged; a charging and discharging unit connected to a lead portion of the battery and configured to charge or discharge the battery; a thermoelectric element module thermally connected to the battery inside the chamber and configured to generate an electromotive force caused by heat generated by charging and discharging the battery; a first measurement unit configured to measure the electromotive force generated by the thermoelectric element module; a second measurement unit configured to measure a change in impedance due to the charging and discharging of the battery; a determination unit configured to compare data on the electromotive force of the battery, the electromotive force being measured by the first measurement unit, and data on the impedance of the battery, the impedance being measured by the second measurement unit, with pre-prepared comparative data and determining a degree of degradation of the battery; and a thermal imaging unit image-capturing a heat distribution of the battery that changes inside the chamber when charging and discharging the battery, wherein the determination unit compares the data on the impedance of the battery, the impedance being measured by the second measurement unit, and the heat distribution of the battery that is image-captured by the thermal imaging unit and determines a cause of the degradation of the battery. ### Claim 17 (depends on 16) The apparatus of claim 16, wherein the thermal imaging unit image-captures the heat distribution of the battery that changes for a reference time from a starting point in time for the charging and discharging of the battery to an ending point in time for the charging and discharging of the battery.