# US 12,111,210 B2 · Light source modules for noise mitigation > Agents: this data is available as JSON from the patentgrep API and MCP server — see https://patentgrep.com/llms.txt - Number: US 12,111,210 B2 - Document ID: US12111210B2 - Status: Granted - Kind: B2 - Application number: 17/859,912 - Filed: 2022-07-07 - Published: 2023-01-12 - Granted: 2024-10-08 - Earliest claimed: 2021-07-08 - Assignees: Apple Inc. - Applicants: Apple Inc. - Inventors: Mark Alan Arbore; Thomas C. Greening; Yongming Tu - Web page: https://patentgrep.com/patent/US12111210B2 ## CPC - G01J 3/0297: {Constructional arrangements for removing other types of optical noise or for performing calibration} - G01J 3/10: Arrangements of light sources specially adapted for spectrometry or colorimetry - G01J 3/108: {for measurement in the infrared range} - G01J 3/1809: {Echelle gratings} - G01J 3/32: Investigating bands of a spectrum in sequence by a single detector - G01J 3/45: Interferometric spectrometry - G02B 6/2938: {for multiplexing or demultiplexing, i.e. combining or separating wavelengths, e.g. 1xN, NxM} - G02B 6/4215: {the intermediate optical elements being wavelength selective optical elements, e.g. variable wavelength optical modules or wavelength lockers (G02B6/4246 takes precedence)} - G02B 27/10: Beam splitting or combining systems (polarising systems G02B27/28; mixing and splitting light signals using optical waveguides G02B6/28; {beam shaping, e.g. changing the cross-sectional area, by dividing or superposing multiple light beams G02B27/0905}) - G01J 2003/102: {Plural sources} - G02F 1/212: {Mach-Zehnder type} - G01J: MEASUREMENT OF INTENSITY, VELOCITY, SPECTRAL CONTENT, POLARISATION, PHASE OR PULSE CHARACTERISTICS OF INFRARED, VISIBLE OR ULTRAVIOLET LIGHT; COLORIMETRY; RADIATION PYROMETRY (light sources F21, H01J, H01K, H05B; investigating properties of materials by optical means G01N) - G02B: OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS - G02F: OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS ## Abstract Configurations for light source modules and methods for mitigating coherent noise are disclosed. The light source modules may include multiple light source sets, each of which may include multiple light sources. The light emitted by the light sources may be different wavelengths or the same wavelength depending on whether the light source module is providing redundancy of light sources, increased power, coherent noise mitigation, and/or detector mitigation. In some examples, the light source may emit light to a coupler or a multiplexer, which may then be transmitted to one or more multiplexers. In some examples, the light source modules provide one light output and in other examples, the light source modules provide two light outputs. The light source modules may provide light with approximately zero loss and the wavelengths of light may be close enough to spectroscopically equivalent respect to a sample and far enough apart to provide coherent noise mitigation. ## Claims ### Claim 1 A light source module having a set of outputs comprising: a plurality of pairs of light sources that collectively form a set of paired light sources having a first light source subset and a second light source subset, wherein each of the plurality of pairs of light sources comprises: a first light source configured to output light at a corresponding first wavelength, the first light source being part of the first light source subset; and a second light source configured to output light at a corresponding second wavelength that is different from the first wavelength and separated from the first wavelength by an amount that is less than a target separation amount of about 5 nanometers, the second light source being part of the second light source subset; a first multiplexer optically connected to the first light source subset and configured to multiplex light received from the first light source subset; a second multiplexer optically connected to the first light source subset and configured to multiplex light received from the second light source subset; and a multiplexing unit configured to optically connect an output of the first multiplexer and an output of the second multiplexer to the set of outputs. ### Claim 2 (depends on 1) The light source module of claim 1, wherein the corresponding first wavelength and the corresponding second wavelength for each of the plurality of pairs of light sources are separated by at least 1 nanometer. ### Claim 3 (depends on 1) The light source module of claim 1, further comprising: a set of additional light sources; and a third multiplexer optically connected to the set of additional light sources and configured to multiplex light received from the second light source subset, wherein: the multiplexing unit is configured to optically connect an output of the third multiplexer to the set of outputs. ### Claim 4 (depends on 3) The light source module of claim 3, wherein each of the additional light sources is configured to output a corresponding wavelength that is separated from each the corresponding first and second wavelengths of each of the plurality of pairs of light sources by a corresponding amount of at least the target separation amount. ### Claim 5 An optical measurement system comprising: a controller; and a light source module having a set of outputs, comprising: a plurality of sets of light sources including a first set of light sources and a second set of light sources; a plurality of wavelength-specific multiplexers, each of which has an output and is configured to multiplex a corresponding set of light sources of the plurality of sets of light sources; and a multiplexing unit configured to route the outputs of the plurality of wavelength-specific multiplexers to the set of outputs, wherein: the controller is configured to simultaneously operate a first light source of the first set of light sources to generate light of a first wavelength and a second light source of the second set of light sources to generate light of a second wavelength, wherein the first wavelength is different from the second wavelength and the second wavelength is separated from the first wavelength by an amount that is less than a target separation amount of about 5 nanometers; the first light source and the second light source are multiplexed to the multiplexing unit by different wavelength-specific multiplexer of the plurality of wavelength-specific multiplexers; and the multiplexing unit is configured to simultaneously output light of the first wavelength and light of the second wavelength to at least one of the set of outputs. ### Claim 6 (depends on 5) The optical measurement system of claim 5, wherein the multiplexing unit comprises a cascaded network of optical couplers. ### Claim 7 (depends on 5) The optical measurement system of claim 5, wherein the multiplexing unit comprises a first star coupler. ### Claim 8 (depends on 7) The optical measurement system of claim 7, wherein the multiplexing unit comprises: a second star coupler; and a first controllable switch optically coupled to a first wavelength-specific multiplexer of the plurality of wavelength-specific multiplexers, wherein: the first controllable switch may selectively route light to the first and second star couplers. ### Claim 9 (depends on 5) The optical measurement system of claim 5, wherein the light source module further comprises a wavelength locking unit. ### Claim 10 (depends on 9) The optical measurement system of claim 9, wherein: each of the plurality of wavelength-specific multiplexers is optically connected to a controllable switch; and the wavelength locking unit is optically connected to the controllable switch.