# US 12,111,123 B2 · Heat exchanger

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- Number: US 12,111,123 B2
- Document ID: US12111123B2
- Status: Granted
- Kind: B2
- Application number: 17/857,357
- Filed: 2022-07-05
- Published: 2022-10-20
- Granted: 2024-10-08
- Earliest claimed: 2020-06-17
- Assignees: Mahle International GmbH
- Applicants: MAHLE International GmbH
- Inventors: Scott Edward Kent
- Web page: https://patentgrep.com/patent/US12111123B2

## CPC

- F28F 9/0273: {with multiple holes}
- F28F 9/0275: {with multiple branch pipes}
- F28D 1/05366: {Assemblies of conduits connected to common headers, e.g. core type radiators}
- F28D 1/05383: {with multiple rows of conduits or with multi-channel conduits (F28D1/05391 takes precedence)}
- F28F 9/0263: {by varying the geometry or cross-section of header box}
- F28F 9/0282: {by varying the geometry of conduit ends, e.g. by using inserts or attachments for modifying the pattern of flow at the conduit inlet or outlet}
- F28D 2021/0068: {for refrigerant cycles}
- F28F: DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION (water and air traps, air venting F16)
- F28D: HEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUBCLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA DO NOT COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT (fluid heaters having heat generating means and heat transferring means F24H; furnaces F27; details of heat-exchange apparatus of general)

## Abstract

A heat exchanger system for transferring heat between two fluids that includes at least two heat exchangers each having a top and bottom. The heat exchangers include a fluid collector, multiphase distributor, and a plurality of multi-duct tubes coupled therewith. One fluid flows around the multi-duct tubes, while the other fluid flows within the multi-duct tubes, with heat transfer occurring via a fluidically separate coupling of the fluids. One heat exchanger is configured with an upward flow design, for heating, in which the two fluids flow opposite to gravity and parallel to each other through the heat exchanger (bottom to top). The other heat exchanger is configured with a downward flow design, for cooling, in which one fluid flows opposite to gravity through the heat exchanger (bottom to top) and the other fluid flows anti-parallel to the one fluid with gravity through the heat exchanger (top to bottom).

## Claims

### Claim 1

A heat exchanger system for transferring heat between a first fluid and a second fluid during a heating operation and a cooling operation; the heat exchanger system comprising at least a first heat exchanger and a second heat exchanger each having a top and a bottom;
wherein each of the first heat exchanger and the second heat exchanger includes a fluid collector for collecting fluid, a multiphase distributor for distributing fluid, and a plurality of multi-duct tubes coupled to the fluid collector and the multiphase distributor;
wherein the first fluid flows in a first flow path around the multi-duct tubes and the second fluid flows in a second flow path within the multi-duct tubes, such that the transfer of heat occurs through a fluidically separate coupling of the first fluid and the second fluid;
wherein the first heat exchanger is configured with the fluid collector arranged in the second flow path downstream from the multiphase distributor, such that the first heat exchanger consists of an upward flow design, for use during the heating operation, in which both the first fluid and the second fluid flow opposite to the direction of gravity and virtually parallel to one another through the first heat exchanger from the bottom to the top;
wherein the second heat exchanger is configured with the fluid collector arranged in the second flow path upstream from the multiphase distributor, such that the second heat exchanger consists of a downward flow design, for use during the cooling operation, in which the first fluid flows opposite to the direction of gravity through the second heat exchanger from the bottom to the top and the second fluid flows virtually anti-parallel to the first fluid in the direction of gravity through the second heat exchanger from the top to the bottom.

### Claim 2 (depends on 1)

The heat exchanger system according to claim 1, wherein during the heating operation heat is transferred from the second fluid to the first fluid, with the fluid collector being arranged in the second flow path downstream of the multiphase distributor, such that the second fluid first flows through the multiphase distributor, then through the multi-duct tubes, and then through the fluid collector;
wherein during the cooling operation heat is transferred from the first fluid to the second fluid, with the fluid collector being arranged in the second flow path upstream of the multiphase distributor, such that the second fluid first flows through the fluid collector, then through the multi-duct tubes, and then through the multiphase distributor.

### Claim 3 (depends on 1)

The heat exchanger system according to claim 1, wherein the fluid collector of one or more of the first and second heat exchangers has a cylindrical tubular body with a longitudinal axis and a cross-section that is constant along the longitudinal axis; the cylindrical tubular body having a hollow interior for guiding the second fluid.

### Claim 4 (depends on 3)

The heat exchanger system according to claim 3, wherein the fluid collector of one or more of the first and second heat exchangers comprises at least two opening arrangements having a plurality of individual openings that penetrate the cylindrical tubular body transversely to the tubular-body longitudinal axis and are spaced apart from one another along the longitudinal axis.

### Claim 5 (depends on 4)

The heat exchanger system according to claim 4, wherein the individual openings present in one of the opening arrangements are different from the individual openings present in another one of the opening arrangements in that the individual openings in one of the opening arrangements are 1) spaced apart from one another at a distance (D1) measured from centers of adjacent individual openings that is less than a distance (D2) used to space apart the individual openings in another one of the opening arrangements and/or 2) have an opening cross-sectional area (A1) that is less than an opening cross-sectional area (A2) of at least a portion of the individual openings in another one of the opening arrangements.

### Claim 6 (depends on 5)

The heat exchanger system according to claim 5, wherein the distance (D1) is 54 mm (±5 mm) and distance (D2) is 108 mm (±10 mm).

### Claim 7 (depends on 5)

The heat exchanger system according to claim 5, wherein the distance (D1) is one-half (½) of the distance (D2).

### Claim 8 (depends on 5)

The heat exchanger system according to claim 5, wherein the opening cross-sectional area (A1) is one-half (½) or one-quarter (¼) of the opening cross-sectional area (A2).

### Claim 9 (depends on 5)

The heat exchanger system according to claim 5, wherein the individual openings in one of the opening arrangements has an opening diameter of 4.76 mm (±0.5 mm) and another one of the opening arrangements has individual openings with opening diameters alternating between a first diameter of 4.76 mm (±0.5 mm) and 6.35 mm (±0.6 mm).

### Claim 10 (depends on 5)

The heat exchanger system according to claim 5, wherein the individual openings in one of the opening arrangements are spaced apart at a distance (D1) that is less than a distance (D2) used to space apart the individual openings in another one of the opening arrangements, the individual openings in each of the opening arrangements have the same opening diameter.

### Claim 11 (depends on 1)

The heat exchanger system according to claim 1, wherein the multi-duct tubes have a duct tube longitudinal axis that is aligned transversely or orthogonally to the fluid collector and to the multiphase distributor.

### Claim 12 (depends on 1)

The heat exchanger system according to claim 1, wherein the first fluid is air and the second fluid is a coolant fluid.

### Claim 13 (depends on 3)

The heat exchanger system according to claim 3, wherein the cylindrical tubular body has a cross-section that is c-shaped or v-shaped.

### Claim 14 (depends on 1)

The heat exchanger system according to claim 1, further comprises one or more fans arranged in the first flow path for driving the first fluid along the first flow path and at least one fluid pump arranged in the second flow path for driving the second fluid along the second flow path.

### Claim 15 (depends on 1)

The heat exchanger system according to claim 1, further comprises one or more support tubes that surround and encases the fluid collector and/or the multiphase distributor, the support tubes having radial passages through which the multi-duct tubes are inserted.

### Claim 16 (depends on 15)

The heat exchanger system according to claim 15, wherein the one or more support tubes comprise at least one fluid connection that forms a fluid inlet or a fluid outlet configured for attachment to an external hose.

### Claim 17 (depends on 1)

The heat exchanger system according to claim 1, wherein the first heat exchanger and the second heat exchanger are arranged in a housing.

### Claim 18 (depends on 17)

The heat exchanger system according to claim 17, wherein the housing is wedge-shaped or v-shaped.

### Claim 19 (depends on 1)

The heat exchanger system according to claim 1, wherein the multiphase distributor of one or more of the first and second heat exchangers has a cylindrical tubular body with a longitudinal axis and a cross-section that is constant along the longitudinal axis; the cylindrical tubular body having a hollow interior for guiding the second fluid.

### Claim 20 (depends on 19)

The heat exchanger system according to claim 19, wherein the fluid multiphase distributor of one or more of the first and second heat exchangers comprises at least one opening arrangement having a plurality of individual openings that penetrate the cylindrical tubular body transversely to the tubular-body longitudinal axis and are spaced apart from one another along the longitudinal axis.