# US 12,110,602 B2 · Electrochemical cell with carbon electrode

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- Number: US 12,110,602 B2
- Document ID: US12110602B2
- Status: Granted
- Kind: B2
- Application number: 18/607,276
- Filed: 2024-03-15
- Published: 2024-08-15
- Granted: 2024-10-08
- Earliest claimed: 2019-10-22
- Assignees: King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals
- Applicants: King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals
- Inventors: Abdul Rehman; Abbas Hakeem Saeed; Muhammad Ali Ehsan
- Web page: https://patentgrep.com/patent/US12110602B2

## CPC

- C25B 11/073: characterised by the electrocatalyst material
- C01G 31/006: {Compounds containing vanadium, with or without oxygen or hydrogen, and containing two or more other elements}
- C01G 51/42: containing alkali metals, e.g. LiCoO2
- C25B 1/04: by electrolysis of water
- C25B 11/052: Electrodes comprising one or more electrocatalytic coatings on a substrate
- C25B 11/067: Inorganic compound e.g. ITO, silica or titania
- C25B 11/077: the compound being a non-noble metal oxide
- H01M 4/485: of mixed oxides or hydroxides for inserting or intercalating light metals, e.g. LiTi2O4 or LiTi2OxFy (H01M4/505, H01M4/525 take precedence)
- H01M 4/525: of mixed oxides or hydroxides containing iron, cobalt or nickel for inserting or intercalating light metals, e.g. LiNiO2, LiCoO2 or LiCoOxFy
- H01M 4/8621: {containing only metallic or ceramic material, e.g. made by sintering or sputtering}
- H01M 4/8803: {Supports for the deposition of the catalytic active composition (H01M4/90 takes precedence)}
- H01M 4/8817: {Treatment of supports before application of the catalytic active composition (coated porous composites H01M8/0245)}
- H01M 4/886: {Powder spraying, e.g. wet or dry powder spraying, plasma spraying}
- H01M 4/8875: {Methods for shaping the electrode into free-standing bodies, like sheets, films or grids, e.g. moulding, hot-pressing, casting without support, extrusion without support}
- H01M 4/8878: {Treatment steps after deposition of the catalytic active composition or after shaping of the electrode being free-standing body}
- H01M 4/9016: {Oxides, hydroxides or oxygenated metallic salts}
- C01P 2002/72: by d-values or two theta-values, e.g. as X-ray diagram
- C01P 2002/85: by XPS, EDX or EDAX data
- C01P 2004/03: obtained by SEM
- C01P 2004/16: Nanowires or nanorods, i.e. solid nanofibres with two nearly equal dimensions between 1-100 nanometer
- C01P 2006/16: Pore diameter
- C01P 2006/40: Electric properties
- C01P 2006/42: Magnetic properties
- Y02E 60/10: Energy storage using batteries
- Y02E 60/36: Hydrogen production from non-carbon containing sources, e.g. by water electrolysis
- Y02E 60/50: Fuel cells
- C25B: ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES FOR THE PRODUCTION OF COMPOUNDS OR NON-METALS; APPARATUS THEREFOR (anodic or cathodic protection C23F13/00; single-crystal growth C30B)
- C01G: COMPOUNDS CONTAINING METALS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C01D OR C01F (metal hydrides {monoborane, diborane or addition complexes thereof} C01B6/00; salts of oxyacids of halogens C01B11/00; peroxides, salts or peroxyacids C01B15/00; thiosulfates, dithionites, polythionates C01B17/64; compounds containing selenium, or tellurium C01B19/00; binary compounds of nitrogen with metals C01B21/06; azides C01B21/08; {compounds containing nitrogen, other non-metals and metal C01B21/082}; metal amides C01B21/092; nitrites C01B21/50; {compounds of noble gases C01B23/0005}; phosphides C01B25/08; salts of oxyacids of phosphorus C01B25/16; carbides C01B32/90; compounds containing silicon C01B33/00; compounds containing boron C01B35/00; compounds having molecular sieve properties but not having base-exchange properties C01B37/00; compounds having molecular sieve and base-exchange properties, e.g. crystalline zeolites, C01B39/00; cyanides C01C3/08; salts of cyanamide C01C3/16; thiocyanates C01C3/20)
- H01M: PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- C01P: INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO STRUCTURAL AND PHYSICAL ASPECTS OF SOLID INORGANIC COMPOUNDS
- Y02E: REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION

## Abstract

A CoVOx composite electrode and method of making is described. The composite electrode comprises a substrate with an average 0.5-5 μm thick layer of CoVOx having pores with average diameters of 2-200 nm. The method of making the composite electrode involves contacting the substrate with an aerosol comprising a solvent, a cobalt complex, and a vanadium complex. The CoVOx composite electrode is capable of being used in an electrochemical cell for water oxidation.

## Claims

### Claim 1

An electrochemical water splitting cell with carbon electrode, comprising:
an electrolyte vessel containing an electrolyte solution,
a working electrode, and a carbon counter electrode,
wherein the working electrode and the carbon counter electrode are disposed at least partially in the electrolyte vessel and are at least partially immersed in the electrolyte solution contained in the electrolyte vessel,
wherein the working electrode is a composite thin film electrode comprising:
a CoVOx layer having an average thickness of 500 nm-5 μm in contact with a substrate,
wherein the CoVOx layer comprises amorphous CoVOx having a Co:V molar ratio in a range of 1.0:1.2-1.5:1.0, and
wherein the CoVOx layer has an O:Co molar ratio and/or an O:V molar ratio in a range of 4:1 to 9:1.

### Claim 2 (depends on 1)

The electrochemical water splitting cell of claim 1, wherein the composite thin film electrode has an overpotential in a range of 270-335 mV at a current density of 9-11 mA/cm2.

### Claim 3 (depends on 1)

The electrochemical water splitting cell of claim 1, wherein the composite thin film electrode has a current density of 1.0-10.0 mA/cm2 when the electrodes are subjected to a bias potential of 1.45-1.55 V.

### Claim 4 (depends on 1)

The electrochemical water splitting cell of claim 1, wherein the electrolyte solution comprises water and an inorganic base having a concentration of 0.1-1.0 M.

### Claim 5 (depends on 1)

The electrochemical water splitting cell of claim 1, wherein the composite thin film electrode has a mass activity in range of 38-50 A/g at a potential of 350 mV.

### Claim 6 (depends on 1)

The electrochemical water splitting cell of claim 1, wherein the CoVOx layer of the composite thin film electrode is porous with a pore size in a range of 2-10 nm.

### Claim 7 (depends on 1)

The electrochemical water splitting cell of claim 1, wherein the composite thin film electrode has an electrochemically active surface area in a range of 12-22 mF/cm2.

### Claim 8 (depends on 1)

The electrochemical water splitting cell of claim 1, wherein the CoVOx layer of the composite thin film electrode consists essentially of amorphous CoVOx.

### Claim 9 (depends on 1)

The electrochemical water splitting cell of claim 1, wherein the CoVOx layer of the composite thin film electrode has an O:Co molar ratio in a range of 4:1 to 9:1.

### Claim 10 (depends on 1)

The electrochemical water splitting cell of claim 1, wherein the substrate of the composite thin film electrode is a transparent conducting film selected from the group consisting of fluorine-doped tin oxide, indium tin oxide, aluminum-doped zinc oxide, gallium-doped zinc oxide, indium zinc oxide, indium zinc tin oxide, indium aluminum zinc oxide, indium gallium zinc oxide, indium gallium tin oxide, and antimony tin oxide.