# US 12,110,235 B1 · Pervoskite solar cell and electron transport material

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- Number: US 12,110,235 B1
- Document ID: US12110235B1
- Status: Granted
- Kind: B1
- Application number: 18/490,839
- Filed: 2023-10-20
- Granted: 2024-10-08
- Earliest claimed: 2023-06-15
- Assignees: King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals
- Applicants: King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals
- Inventors: Firoz Khan; Masoud Al-Rasheidi
- Web page: https://patentgrep.com/patent/US12110235B1

## CPC

- C01G 51/40: Complex oxides containing cobalt and at least one other metal element
- C09K 11/574: {with zinc or cadmium}
- H01B 1/08: oxides
- H10K 85/50: Organic perovskites; Hybrid organic-inorganic perovskites [HOIP], e.g. CH3NH3PbI3
- C01P 2002/52: containing elements as dopants
- C01P 2002/54: one element only
- C01P 2002/72: by d-values or two theta-values, e.g. as X-ray diagram
- C01P 2002/77: by unit-cell parameters, atom positions or structure diagrams
- C01P 2002/78: by stacking-plane distances or stacking sequences
- C01P 2002/85: by XPS, EDX or EDAX data
- C01P 2004/02: obtained by optical microscopy
- C01P 2004/03: obtained by SEM
- C01P 2004/04: obtained by TEM, STEM, STM or AFM
- C01P 2004/22: with a polygonal circumferential shape
- C01P 2004/51: Particles with a specific particle size distribution
- C01P 2004/61: Micrometer sized, i.e. from 1-100 micrometer
- C01P 2004/62: Submicrometer sized, i.e. from 0.1-1 micrometer
- C01P 2004/64: Nanometer sized, i.e. from 1-100 nanometer
- C01P 2004/90: Other morphology not specified above
- C01P 2006/40: Electric properties
- C01P 2006/90: Other properties not specified above
- H10K 30/40: comprising a p-i-n structure, e.g. having a perovskite absorber between p-type and n-type charge transport layers
- H10K 30/50: Photovoltaic [PV] devices
- H10K 30/85: Layers having high electron mobility, e.g. electron-transporting layers or hole-blocking layers
- H10K 71/12: using liquid deposition, e.g. spin coating
- H10K 71/15: characterised by the solvent used
- Y02E 10/549: Organic PV cells
- C01G: COMPOUNDS CONTAINING METALS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C01D OR C01F (metal hydrides {monoborane, diborane or addition complexes thereof} C01B6/00; salts of oxyacids of halogens C01B11/00; peroxides, salts or peroxyacids C01B15/00; thiosulfates, dithionites, polythionates C01B17/64; compounds containing selenium, or tellurium C01B19/00; binary compounds of nitrogen with metals C01B21/06; azides C01B21/08; {compounds containing nitrogen, other non-metals and metal C01B21/082}; metal amides C01B21/092; nitrites C01B21/50; {compounds of noble gases C01B23/0005}; phosphides C01B25/08; salts of oxyacids of phosphorus C01B25/16; carbides C01B32/90; compounds containing silicon C01B33/00; compounds containing boron C01B35/00; compounds having molecular sieve properties but not having base-exchange properties C01B37/00; compounds having molecular sieve and base-exchange properties, e.g. crystalline zeolites, C01B39/00; cyanides C01C3/08; salts of cyanamide C01C3/16; thiocyanates C01C3/20)
- C09K: MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
- H01B: CABLES; CONDUCTORS; INSULATORS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR CONDUCTIVE, INSULATING OR DIELECTRIC PROPERTIES (selection for magnetic properties H01F1/00; waveguides H01P {; printed circuits H05K})
- H10K: ORGANIC ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES
- C01P: INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO STRUCTURAL AND PHYSICAL ASPECTS OF SOLID INORGANIC COMPOUNDS
- Y02E: REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION

## Abstract

An electron transport includes a metal co-doped zinc oxide compound having a formula MnxCo0.015Zn1-xO, wherein x has a value in a range of 0.001 to 0.014. The electron transport material of the present disclosure may be used in a perovskite solar cell.

## Claims

### Claim 1

A perovskite solar cell, comprising:
an electrode layer, a hole transport layer, a perovskite layer, a mesoporous layer, an electron transport layer, and a metal oxide layer;
wherein the electrode layer contacts the hole transport layer, and the perovskite layer is between the hole transport layer and the electron transport layer;
wherein the electron transport layer comprises an electron transport material; and
wherein the electron transport material comprises:
a metal co-doped zinc oxide compound having a formula MnxCo0.015Zn1-xO, wherein x has a value in a range of 0.001 to 0.014.

### Claim 2 (depends on 1)

The perovskite solar cell of claim 1, wherein the metal co-doped zinc oxide compound is made by a process comprising:
dissolving a zinc salt to form an aqueous mixture;
adding a manganese salt, a cobalt salt, and a sodium hydroxide solution to the aqueous mixture;
reacting the aqueous mixture in an autoclave to form nanoparticles;
washing the nanoparticles and isolating the nanoparticles and drying the nanoparticles; then
annealing the nanoparticles in a furnace to form the metal co-doped zinc oxide compound.

### Claim 3 (depends on 2)

The perovskite solar cell of claim 2, wherein the process of making the metal co-doped zinc oxide compound the autoclave is at a temperature of 150 to 200° C. during the reacting for a time of 2 to 6 hours.

### Claim 4 (depends on 2)

The perovskite solar cell of claim 2, wherein the process of making the metal co-doped zinc oxide compound the furnace is at a temperature of 250 to 300° C. during the annealing for a time of 1 to 4 hours.

### Claim 5 (depends on 1)

The perovskite solar cell of claim 1, wherein the electron transport layer is an electron transport film comprising the electron transport material, wherein the electron transport film is made by a process comprising:
dispersing the metal co-doped zinc oxide compound in an organic solvent to form a product-containing suspension; and
depositing the product-containing suspension on a glass substrate.

### Claim 6 (depends on 1)

The perovskite solar cell of claim 1, wherein the metal co-doped zinc oxide compound is in the form of granular nanoparticles.

### Claim 7 (depends on 6)

The perovskite solar cell of claim 6, wherein the granular nanoparticles have a hexagonal disc shape.

### Claim 8 (depends on 6)

The perovskite solar cell of claim 6, wherein the granular nanoparticles have an average particle diameter of 0.1 to 2 μm.

### Claim 9 (depends on 1)

The perovskite solar cell of claim 1, wherein the metal co-doped zinc oxide compound has an inter-planar spacing of 2.460 to 2.480 Å.

### Claim 10 (depends on 1)

The perovskite solar cell of claim 1, wherein the metal co-doped zinc oxide compound has an atomic packing fraction of 0.51650 to 0.51950.

### Claim 11 (depends on 1)

The perovskite solar cell of claim 1, wherein the metal co-doped zinc oxide compound has a unit cell volume of 47.120 to 47.360 Å3.

### Claim 12 (depends on 1)

The perovskite solar cell of claim 1, wherein the metal co-doped zinc oxide compound has a lattice strain of 2.50×10−3 to 3.15×10−3.

### Claim 13 (depends on 1)

The perovskite solar cell of claim 1, wherein the metal co-doped zinc oxide compound has a dislocation density of 5.4000×10−6 to 7.6000×10−6 1/Å2.

### Claim 14 (depends on 1)

The perovskite solar cell of claim 1, wherein the metal co-doped zinc oxide compound has a bandgap (Eg) with a value of 3.00 to 3.80 eV.

### Claim 15 (depends on 1)

The perovskite solar cell of claim 1, wherein x is 0.008, and the metal co-doped zinc oxide compound has a bandgap (Eg) with a value of 3.55 to 3.75 eV.

### Claim 16 (depends on 1)

The perovskite solar cell of claim 1, wherein the metal co-doped zinc oxide compound has an absorption coefficient with a value of 1.00×104 to 8.50×104 cm−1 at a wavelength value of 400 nm.

### Claim 17 (depends on 1)

The perovskite solar cell of claim 1, wherein x is 0.008, and the metal co-doped zinc oxide compound has an absorption coefficient with a value of 4.50×104 to 5.00×104 cm−1 at a wavelength value of 400 nm.

### Claim 18 (depends on 1)

The perovskite solar cell of claim 1, wherein the metal co-doped zinc oxide compound has a refractive index with a value of 1.350 to 1.500 at a wavelength of 600 nm.

### Claim 19 (depends on 1)

The perovskite solar cell of claim 1, wherein x is 0.008, the metal co-doped zinc oxide compound has a refractive index with a value of 1.420 to 1.435 at a wavelength of 600 nm.