# US 12,108,984 B2 · Wearable return electrodes for electrosurgical systems > Agents: this data is available as JSON from the patentgrep API and MCP server — see https://patentgrep.com/llms.txt - Number: US 12,108,984 B2 - Document ID: US12108984B2 - Status: Granted - Kind: B2 - Application number: 17/004,788 - Filed: 2020-08-27 - Published: 2021-04-08 - Granted: 2024-10-08 - Earliest claimed: 2019-10-03 - Assignees: Megadyne Medical Products, Inc. - Applicants: Megadyne Medical Products, Inc. - Inventors: Michael D. Ehninger - Web page: https://patentgrep.com/patent/US12108984B2 ## CPC - A61B 18/16: Indifferent or passive electrodes for grounding - A61B 18/1206: {Generators therefor} - A61B 2018/00077: {high, i.e. electrically conducting} - A61B 2018/00083: {low, i.e. electrically insulating} - A61B 2018/00273: {Anchoring means for temporary attachment of a device to tissue} - A61B 2018/142: {at least partly surrounding the target, e.g. concave, curved or in the form of a cave} - A61B 2018/1465: {Deformable electrodes} - A61B 2018/167: {Passive electrodes capacitively coupled to the skin} - A61N 1/0484: {Garment electrodes worn by the patient} - A61B: DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION (usefulness limited to only animals A61D) - A61N: ELECTROTHERAPY; MAGNETOTHERAPY; RADIATION THERAPY; ULTRASOUND THERAPY (measurement of bioelectric currents A61B; surgical instruments, devices or methods for transferring non-mechanical forms of energy to or from the body A61B18/00; anaesthetic apparatus in general A61M; incandescent lamps H01K; infrared radiators for heating H05B) ## Abstract A wearable electrosurgical return electrode includes an outer pad, an inner pad, and a conductive element disposed between the outer pad and the inner pad. The return electrode is formed as a flexible sheath and configured to be worn over at least a portion of a body during use. ## Claims ### Claim 1 A wearable electrosurgical return electrode, comprising: a sheath comprising an inner pad having an outer surface and an outer pad having an inner surface; and a conductive element disposable adjacent to the outer surface of the inner pad and the inner surface of the outer pad; wherein the wearable electrosurgical return electrode has a generally tubular shape, wherein the conductive element, the inner pad, and the outer pad are flexible and elastic so that the wearable electrosurgical return electrode is configured to be secured on and conform to contours of a patient when worn by a patient during use, wherein the wearable electrosurgical return electrode is devoid of any externally exposed electrical connectors in electrical contact with the conductive element, wherein the conductive element and the inner or outer pad are configured to facilitate a capacitive connection to a capacitive connector of an electrosurgical wave generator separate from the wearable electrosurgical return electrode, and wherein inner pad, the outer pad, and the conductive element are separate layers of the wearable electrosurgical return electrode that are not permanently secured together such that each can be donned by a patient independently of one another. ### Claim 2 (depends on 1) The wearable electrosurgical return electrode of claim 1, wherein the outer pad is configured to expand to fit over at least a portion of a patient when worn and compress around the conductive element at least partially around the patient during use. ### Claim 3 (depends on 1) The wearable electrosurgical return electrode of claim 1, wherein the conductive element comprises a conductive fabric material. ### Claim 4 (depends on 1) The wearable electrosurgical return electrode of claim 1, wherein the conductive element is disposable between the inner pad and the outer pad. ### Claim 5 (depends on 4) The wearable electrosurgical return electrode of claim 4, wherein the inner pad and the outer pad extend beyond the edges of the conductive element. ### Claim 6 (depends on 4) The wearable electrosurgical return electrode of claim 4, wherein the inner pad and the outer pad are separate layers that are formed separately. ### Claim 7 (depends on 1) The wearable electrosurgical return electrode of claim 1, further comprising a bus bar disposed along an edge of the conductive element. ### Claim 8 (depends on 7) The wearable electrosurgical return electrode of claim 7, further comprising an insulating layer disposed over an entire interior surface of the bus bar that faces the inner pad. ### Claim 9 (depends on 8) The wearable electrosurgical return electrode of claim 8, wherein at least a portion of an exterior surface of the bus bar is uncovered by the insulating layer, the uncovered portion of the exterior surface of the bus bar and the outer pad being configured to facilitate the capacitive connection between the bus bar and an electrical connector of the electrosurgical wave generator. ### Claim 10 (depends on 1) The wearable electrosurgical return electrode of claim 1, wherein the conductive element has a connection portion that is configured to have a capacitive connector capacitively connected thereto. ### Claim 11 (depends on 1) The wearable electrosurgical return electrode of claim 1, wherein the sheath is a compression layer configured to be donned at least partially over the conductive element to hold the conductive element to a patient during use. ### Claim 12 A wearable electrosurgical return electrode, comprising: a first pad; a second pad; and a conductive element disposed between the first pad and the second pad, the conductive element comprising a bus bar disposed along an edge thereof, the bus bar having a first major surface facing the first pad and a second major surface facing the second pad, the first major surface being entirely covered by an insulating layer, and at least a portion of the second surface of the bus bar being uncovered by the insulating layer, the uncovered portion of the second surface of the bus bar and the second pad being configured to facilitate a capacitive connection between the bus bar and an electrical connector of an electrosurgical wave generator; wherein the conductive element and the first and second pads are flexible so that the wearable electrosurgical return electrode can be worn over and conform to a portion of a patient's body during use, wherein the wearable electrosurgical return electrode is devoid of any externally exposed electrical connectors in electrical contact with the conductive element. ### Claim 13 (depends on 12) The wearable electrosurgical return electrode of claim 12, wherein the conductive element is sandwiched between the first pad and the second pad. ### Claim 14 (depends on 13) The wearable electrosurgical return electrode of claim 13, wherein the conductive element, the first pad, and the second pad are elastic. ### Claim 15 (depends on 12) The wearable electrosurgical return electrode of claim 12, wherein the conductive element comprises a conductive, woven fabric material. ### Claim 16 (depends on 13) The wearable electrosurgical return electrode of claim 13, wherein the wearable electrosurgical return electrode has a generally tubular shape and each of the first pad and the second pad are generally continuous when viewed in cross-section and the conductive element has opposing ends that are positioned adjacent to one another. ### Claim 17 (depends on 16) The wearable electrosurgical return electrode of claim 16, wherein the insulating layer is configured to prevent electrical current from flowing directly into the bus bar from the portion of the patient's body on which the wearable electrosurgical return electrode is worn during use. ### Claim 18 An electrosurgical system, comprising: wearable electrosurgical return electrode, comprising: an outer pad; an inner pad; a conductive element disposed between the outer pad and the inner pad, the conductive element having a first major surface that is insulated and an opposing second major surface that is at least partially not insulated, wherein the wearable electrosurgical return electrode is devoid of any externally exposed electrical connectors in electrical contact with the conductive element; and a capacitive connector selectively connectable to the wearable electrosurgical return electrode, the capacitive connector being configured to make a capacitive electrical connection through either the inner or outer pad and with the non-insulated portion of the conductive element, wherein the wearable electrosurgical return electrode has a generally tubular shape, and wherein the wearable electrosurgical return electrode is formed as a flexible and elastic sheath and is configured to be secured on and conform to the contours of at least a portion of a body during use. ### Claim 19 (depends on 18) The wearable electrosurgical return electrode of claim 18, further comprising a strap connecting opposing edges of the wearable electrosurgical return electrode, the strap being configured to hold the wearable electrosurgical return electrode at least partially around the at least the portion of the body during use. ### Claim 20 (depends on 18) The wearable electrosurgical return electrode of claim 18, further comprising hook-and-loop portions on opposing edges of the wearable electrosurgical return electrode, the hook-and-loop portions being configured to join together to secure the wearable electrosurgical return electrode to the at least the portion of the body during use. ### Claim 21 (depends on 18) The wearable electrosurgical return electrode of claim 18, wherein an end of the sheath is closed to form a sock structure configured to be donned by the patient during use.