Method and system of sudden water pollutant source detection by forward-inverse coupling

A method for sudden water pollutant source detection by forward-inverse coupling, comprising:

• acquiring mechanical parameters and water quality monitoring parameters of monitored waters, wherein the water quality monitoring parameters include concentration values of a plurality of monitoring indexes;
• building a one-dimensional forward water quality simulation model of a river way according to the mechanical parameters and the water quality parameters;
• for any one of the monitoring indexes, using an inverse optimization source-detection model to measure and calculate the one-dimensional forward water quality simulation model of the river way, so to obtain a plurality of equivalent source detection solutions, wherein the equivalent source detection solutions include a number of pollutant sources, pollutant discharge locations, pollutant discharge intensity and pollutant discharge time;
• grouping the equivalent source detection solutions of all monitoring indexes into a first group and a second group:
• wherein a number of pollutant sources in the equivalent source detection solutions of the first group is 1, and a number of pollutant sources in the equivalent source detection solutions of the second group is 2;
• determining the first group as a group of equivalent source detection solutions, and clustering the pollutant discharge locations of the equivalent source detection solutions in the second group to obtain a plurality of equivalent source detection solution groups;
• updating each equivalent source detection solution group by Bayesian probability, and determining the equivalent source detection solution group with a largest posterior probability as a decision solution group.