Silicon-based anode material for lithium-ion battery, preparation method therefor, and battery

A preparation method of a silicon-based anode material for a lithium-ion battery wherein the silicon-based anode material is composed of 90 wt %-99.9 wt % of a silicon-based material and 0.1 wt %-10 wt % of carbon nanotubes and/or carbon nanofibers grown in situ on a surface of the silicon-based material the silicon-based material is a powder material containing electrochemically active silicon and comprises one or mixture of more of a nano silicon-carbon composite material, a Silicon monoxide material, a modified Silicon monoxide material, and an amorphous silicon alloy;

• the electrochemically active silicon accounts for 0.1 wt %-90 wt % of the silicon-based material;
• the carbon nanotubes comprise single-walled carbon nanotubes and/or multi-walled carbon nanotubes;
• the carbon nanotubes and/or carbon nanofibers have a diameter of 0.4 nm-50 nm and a length of 10 nm-50 μm;
• a Raman pattern of the silicon-based anode material for the lithium-ion battery has an amorphous bulge at 475±10 cm−1 and/or a crystalline peak at 510±10 cm−1;
• in the case where the silicon-based anode material for the lithium-ion battery includes single-walled carbon nanotubes, the Raman pattern of the silicon-based anode material for the lithium-ion battery has a radial breathing mode (RBM) in the range of 100 cm−1 to 400 cm−1;
• an X-ray diffraction (XRD) pattern of the silicon-based anode material for the lithium-ion battery has a diffraction peak at 28.4°±0.2°, comprising the steps of:
• selecting a silicon-based material according to a required mass ratio, and obtain a mixed material by supporting a catalyst on a surface of the silicon-based material by a solid phase method or a liquid phase method, wherein the silicon-based material is a powder material containing electrochemically active silicon and comprises one or mixture of more of a nano silicon-carbon composite material, a Silicon monoxide material, a modified Silicon monoxide material, and an amorphous silicon alloy;
• the electrochemically active silicon accounts for 0.1 wt %-90 wt % of the silicon-based material;
• the catalyst comprises one or mixture of more of an elemental metal, an inorganic compound containing the elemental metal, and an organic compound containing the elemental metal;
• the elemental metal comprises one or mixture of more of Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Al, Mg, Li, Au, Ag, Ru, and Pt;
• and placing the mixed material in a high-temperature reaction furnace, heating the mixed material to 600° C.-1200° C. in a protective atmosphere, introducing a carbon source gas according to a required ratio, holding temperature for 0.5-8 hours, and then stopping introducing the carbon source gas and cooling down to obtain the silicon-based anode material;
• wherein the carbon source gas comprises one or mixture of more of alkynes, alkenes, alkanes, ketones, alcohols, and aromatic gases.