Compounds for the selective solid-liquid extraction and liquid-liquid extraction of lithium chloride

A compound of the formula:

• wherein:
• R1, R1′, R2, R2′, R3, R3′, R4, and R4′ are each independently hydrogen, hydroxy, amino, cyano, or halo;
• or
• alkyl(C≤6), alkenyl(C≤6), alkynyl(C≤6), acyloxy(C≤6), alkoxy(C≤6), alkylamino(C≤6), dialkylamino(C≤12), amido(C≤6), or a substituted version of any of these groups;
• or
• one of these groups is attached to a solid support or a fluorophore;
• R5, R5′, R6, R6′, R7, and R8 are each independently hydrogen or alkyl(C≤12), cycloalkyl(C≤12), cycloalkenyl(C=12), alkenyl(C≤12), alkynyl(C≤12), aryl(C≤12), heteroalkyl(C≤12), heterocycloalkyl(C≤12), alkoxy(C≤12), alkylamino(C≤12), dialkylamino(C≤18), amido(C≤12), or a substituted version of any of these groups;
• or one of these groups is attached to a solid support or a fluorophore;
• R9, R10, R11, and R12 are hydrogen, alkyl(C≤6), or substituted alkyl(C≤6);
• L and L′ are taken together and form a group of the formula:
• wherein:
• X and X′ are each independently alkanediyl(C≤8), cycloalkanediyl(C≤8), alkenediyl(C≤8), alkynediyl(C≤8), arenediyl(C≤8), or a substituted version of any of these groups;
• Y and Y′ are each independently —O—, —C(O)—, —C(O)O—, —S(O)—, —S(O)2O—, —C(O)NRa—, or —S(O)2NRb—, wherein:
• Ra and Rb are each independently hydrogen, alkyl(C≤6), or substituted alkyl(C≤6);
• or one or more of these groups is attached to a solid support or a fluorophore;
• Z is a group of the formula:
• wherein:
• A1 and A1′ are each independently arenediyl(C≤8), substituted arenediyl(C≤8), heteroarenediyl(C≤8) or substituted heteroarenediyl(C≤8);
• and
• A2 is heteroarenediyl(C≤8) or substituted heteroarenediyl(C≤8);
• or
• Z is arenediyl(C≤24), substituted arenediyl(C≤24), heteroarenediyl(C≤24), or substituted heteroarenediyl(C≤24), wherein the group comprises at least 3 fused rings;
• wherein when a chemical group is used with the “substituted” modifier, one or more hydrogen atom has been replaced, independently at each instance, by —OH, —F, —Cl, —Br, —I, —NH2, —NO2, —CO2H, —CO2CH3, —CN, —SH, —OCH3, —OCH2CH3, —C(O)CH3, —NHCH3, —NHCH2CH3, —N(CH3)2, —C(O)NH2, —C(O)NHCH3, —C(O)N(CH3)2, —OC(O)CH3, —NHC(O)CH3, —S(O)2OH, or —S(O)2NH2;
• or a salt thereof.