# US 12,057,899 B2 · Method and apparatus including error vector magnitude definition and testing for antenna ports and multi-layer transmissions > Agents: this data is available as JSON from the patentgrep API and MCP server — see https://patentgrep.com/llms.txt - Number: US 12,057,899 B2 - Document ID: US12057899B2 - Status: Granted - Kind: B2 - Application number: 17/916,996 - Filed: 2021-04-12 - Published: 2023-05-25 - Granted: 2024-08-06 - Earliest claimed: 2020-04-10 - Assignees: Lenovo (Singapore) Pte. Ltd. - Applicants: Lenovo (Singapore) Pte. Ltd. - Inventors: Colin Frank - Web page: https://patentgrep.com/patent/US12057899B2 ## CPC - H04B 7/0413: MIMO systems - H04B 17/17: Detection of non-compliance or faulty performance, e.g. response deviations (H04B17/18 takes precedence) - H04L 25/0204: {of multiple channels} - H04L 27/2647: {Arrangements specific to the receiver only (equalisation H04L27/01)} - H04B 1/0475: {with means for limiting noise, interference or distortion (H04B1/0483 takes precedence)} - H04L 2025/03426: {transmission using multiple-input and multiple-output channels} - H04L 2025/03624: {Zero-forcing} - H04B: TRANSMISSION - H04L: TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION (arrangements common to telegraphic and telephonic communication H04M) ## Abstract A method and apparatus are provided, where a data sequence for transmission is identified (1002) as part of evaluating transmitter performance involving multiple physical antennas. The data sequence is mapped (1004) to the multiple physical antennas to be involved in the transmission. The data sequence is then transmitted (1006) using the multiple physical antennas from which a signal quality metric of a transmitter corresponding to a difference between a received signal associated with the transmission of each respective data symbol of the data sequence and a respective ideal location of a predefined constellation point associated with the data symbol that was transmitted can be determined, wherein an error vector magnitude involving an aggregated difference associated with the data sequence involving the transmission via the multiple physical antennas is determined. ## Claims ### Claim 1 A method in a user equipment comprising: identifying a data sequence for transmission; mapping the data sequence to multiple physical antennas to be involved in the transmission; and transmitting the data sequence using the multiple physical antennas from which a signal quality metric of a transmitter corresponding to a difference between a received signal associated with the transmission of each respective data symbol of the data sequence and a respective ideal location of a predefined constellation point associated with the data symbol that was transmitted can be determined, wherein an error vector magnitude involving an aggregated difference associated with the data sequence involving the transmission via the multiple physical antennas is determined; wherein the mapping of the data sequence to the multiple physical antennas is associated with multiple transmission layers, where each one of the multiple transmission layers is associated with one or more of the multiple physical antennas; wherein the error vector magnitude is associated with an output of a zero forcing multiple input multiple output (MIMO) receiver respectively applied to the multiple physical antennas; wherein the error vector magnitude is measured for the each one of the multiple transmission layers by comparing the data symbols of the data sequence with the corresponding output of the zero forcing MIMO receiver; and wherein a figure of merit for the transmitter is determined, which corresponds to a determined maximum one of the error vector magnitude measured for the each one of the multiple transmission layers. ### Claim 2 (depends on 1) The method in accordance with claim 1, wherein the mapping of the data sequence to the multiple physical antennas is associated with one or more antenna ports, where each of the antenna ports is associated with one or more of the multiple physical antennas. ### Claim 3 (depends on 2) The method in accordance with claim 2, wherein each of the antenna ports is defined as a respective linear combination of one or more of the multiple physical antennas. ### Claim 4 (depends on 2) The method in accordance with claim 2, wherein a fast Fourier transform is computed for the output of the receiver associated with a corresponding one of the multiple physical antennas. ### Claim 5 (depends on 4) The method in accordance with claim 4, wherein a separate zero forcing MIMO receiver is computed for each subcarrier of each allocated resource block, based on a channel estimate for each carrier for each of the multiple physical antennas. ### Claim 6 (depends on 5) The method in accordance with claim 5, wherein the separate zero forcing MIMO receiver that is computed for each subcarrier is applied to the output of the fast Fourier transform. ### Claim 7 (depends on 6) The method in accordance with claim 6, wherein the error vector magnitude is measured by comparing the data symbols of the data sequence with the corresponding output of the zero forcing MIMO receiver. ### Claim 8 (depends on 1) The method in accordance with claim 1, wherein a fast Fourier transform is computed for the output of the receiver associated with a corresponding one of the multiple physical antennas. ### Claim 9 (depends on 8) The method in accordance with claim 8, wherein a separate zero forcing MIMO receiver is computed for each subcarrier of each allocated resource block, based on a channel estimate for each carrier for each of the multiple physical antennas. ### Claim 10 (depends on 9) The method in accordance with claim 9, wherein the separate zero forcing MIMO receiver that is computed for each subcarrier is applied to the output of the fast Fourier transform. ### Claim 11 (depends on 10) The method in accordance with claim 10, wherein each output of the zero forcing MIMO receiver corresponds to a different one of the multiple transmission layers. ### Claim 12 A method in a user equipment comprising: identifying a data sequence for transmission; mapping the data sequence to multiple physical antennas to be involved in the transmission; and transmitting the data sequence using the multiple physical antennas from which a signal quality metric of a transmitter corresponding to a difference between a received signal associated with the transmission of each respective data symbol of the data sequence and a respective ideal location of a predefined constellation point associated with the data symbol that was transmitted can be determined, wherein an error vector magnitude involving an aggregated difference associated with the data sequence involving the transmission via the multiple physical antennas is determined; wherein the mapping of the data sequence to the multiple physical antennas is associated with multiple transmission layers, where each one of the multiple transmission layers is associated with one or more of the multiple physical antennas; wherein the error vector magnitude is associated with an output of a zero forcing multiple input multiple output (MIMO) receiver respectively applied to the multiple physical antennas; wherein the error vector magnitude is measured for the each one of the multiple transmission layers by comparing the data symbols of the data sequence with the corresponding output of the zero forcing MIMO receiver; and wherein the signal quality metric for the transmitter is the average of the error vector magnitude measured for the each one of the multiple transmission layers. ### Claim 13 A user equipment including multiple physical antennas, the user equipment comprising: a controller that identifies a data sequence for transmission, wherein the data sequence is mapped by the controller to the multiple physical antennas involved in the transmission; and a transmitter that transmits the data sequence using the multiple physical antennas from which a signal quality metric of a transmitter corresponding to a difference between a received signal associated with the transmission of each respective data symbol of the data sequence and a respective ideal location of a predefined constellation point associated with the data symbol that was transmitted can be determined, wherein an error vector magnitude involving an aggregated difference associated with the data sequence involving the transmission via the multiple physical antennas is determined; wherein the mapping of the data sequence to the multiple physical antennas by the controller is associated with multiple transmission layers, where each one of the multiple transmission layers is associated with one or more of the multiple physical antennas; wherein the error vector magnitude is associated with an output of a zero forcing multiple input multiple output (MIMO) receiver respectively applied to the multiple physical antennas; wherein the error vector magnitude is measured for the each one of the multiple transmission layers by comparing the data symbols of the data sequence with the corresponding output of the zero forcing MIMO receiver; and wherein a figure of merit for the transmitter is determined, which corresponds to a determined maximum one of the error vector magnitude measured for the each one of the multiple transmission layers. ### Claim 14 (depends on 13) The user equipment in accordance with claim 13, wherein the mapping of the data sequence to the multiple physical antennas by the controller is associated with one or more antenna ports, where each of the antenna ports is associated with one or more of the multiple physical antennas.