Systems and methods for long-distance remote sensing with sub-wavelength resolution using a wirelessly-powered sensor tag array

A remote sensing apparatus, comprising:

• a radio frequency identification (RFID) tag;
• an ultra-high frequency (UHF) electromagnetic transmitter configured to emit electromagnetic waves that are in the UHF band;
• an ultra-wideband (UWB) receiver;
• a computer system;
• wherein:
• the RFID tag is configured to be operated without a battery, and to be powered by the electromagnetic waves emitted by the electromagnetic transmitter;
• wherein
• the RFID tag is configured to generate and transmit UWB impulses back to the UWB receiver based on an amount of electromagnetic power received from the UHF electromagnetic transmitter, such that a repetition rate of the UWB impulses varies with the amount of electromagnetic power received from the UHF electromagnetic transmitter and wherein the repetition rate of the UWB impulses increases with increases in the amount of electromagnetic power received from the UHF electromagnetic transmitter.