Unidirectional nanopore dehydration-based functional polymer membrane or hydrogel membrane, preparation method thereof and device thereof

A unidirectional nanopore dehydration-based functional polymer membrane or hydrogel membrane obtained by a preparation method for the unidirectional nanopore dehydration-based functional polymer membrane or hydrogel membrane comprising following steps:

• adding an aqueous polymer solution or a polymer mixture solution into a mold through a sampling hole on a top of a container, the mold being a container with a nanopore filter film as a bottom, sealing the sampling hole with a sealing cover, and dehydrating water molecules in the solution in one direction downward through nanopores of the filter film to obtain a polymer membrane or hydrogel membrane on an upper surface of the nanopore filter film,
• the aqueous polymer solution comprising an aqueous solution of a natural polymer or an artificial synthetic polymer or a mixed aqueous polymer solution containing polymers of more than 50 kDa formed by physical mixing or chemical cross-linking, and a concentration of the polymer being 1%-20% by mass percentage;
• and the mixture comprising proteins, polysaccharides, enzymes, cross-linking agents, plasticizers, drugs, pigments, growth factors, and/or microorganisms, and a concentration of the mixture being 0.1%-20% by mass percentage;
• and
• the natural polymer comprising one of regenerated liquid silk fibroins of domestic silkworm silk, spider silk, tussah silk, castor silk or wild silk, and the artificial synthetic polymer comprising polyvinyl alcohol.