Medical implant having a textured tissue contact surface

A medical implant comprising a textured tissue contact surface, said medical implant comprising titanium or titanium alloys, said textured tissue contact surface being prepared by a process comprising the steps of:

• initially laser ablating said tissue contact surface on said implant with a nanosecond pulsed laser to form a roughened surface on said tissue contact surface that includes a hierarchy of macrostructures and microstructures that are tactically rough;
• and
• then laser ablating said roughened surface with a femtosecond pulsed laser to form a plurality of nanostructures on said roughened surface without interrupting the hierarchy of macrostructures and microstructures.

A medical implant comprising a textured tissue contact surface, said medical implant comprising titanium or titanium alloys, said textured tissue contact surface comprising:

• a roughened surface on said tissue contact surface that includes a plurality of macroscale and microscale projections and recesses, each of said projections including a peak and each of said recesses including a valley, said plurality of projections and recesses having an average peak to valley height, Havg;
• and
• a plurality of nanostructures on said projections and within said recesses, said nanostructures comprising a plurality of spaced elongated waves and a plurality of individual polygonal structures, some of said polygonal structures being included on said elongated waves, said polygonal structures each including a peak and a valley therebetween, said plurality of polygonal structures having an average peak to valley height, havg, wherein Havg is greater than havg.