Ionizing-radiation beamline monitoring system

A method of monitoring a beam of ionizing-radiation in a vacuum beamline in real-time, the method comprising:

• receiving the ionizing-radiation beam in a scintillator enclosed in a vacuum chamber structure with vacuum compatible flanges through which an incident ionizing-radiation beam enters the vacuum chamber structure, wherein the scintillator can be at least partially translated in the incident ionizing-radiation beam using a push-pull linear positioner while oriented at an angle greater than 10 degrees to a normal of the incident radiation beam, the vacuum chamber structure comprising a machine vision camera attached to the vacuum chamber structure by a flange attached to a vacuum-tight viewport window with the camera and lens at atmospheric/ambient pressure and a camera system optical axis oriented at an angle of less than 80 degrees with respect to a normal of the scintillator;
• wherein a multitude of emitting photons are created by the ionizing-radiation beam passing through the scintillator, some of which emitted photons are captured by the camera;
• causing a train of image data frames streaming out from the camera to a computer system;
• wherein the computer system processes and analyzes the image data streaming from the camera in real-time to monitor the beam position, intensity profile and/or shape, beam fluence, and/or a position of single particles.