# US 12,016,154 B2 · In-row cooling unit with interchangeable heat exchangers > Agents: this data is available as JSON from the patentgrep API and MCP server — see https://patentgrep.com/llms.txt - Number: US 12,016,154 B2 - Document ID: US12016154B2 - Status: Granted - Kind: B2 - Application number: 17/384,153 - Filed: 2021-07-23 - Published: 2023-02-02 - Granted: 2024-06-18 - Earliest claimed: 2021-07-23 - Assignees: NVIDIA Corporation - Applicants: Nvidia Corporation - Inventors: Ali Heydari - Web page: https://patentgrep.com/patent/US12016154B2 ## CPC - H05K 7/20281: {Thermal management, e.g. liquid flow control} - H05K 7/20745: {within rooms for removing heat from cabinets, e.g. by air conditioning device} - H05K 7/20781: {within cabinets for removing heat from server blades} - H05K 7/20836: {Thermal management, e.g. server temperature control} - F25D 17/02: for circulating liquids, e.g. brine - F25D 17/06: by forced circulation - H05K 7/2079: {within rooms for removing heat from cabinets} - H05K: PRINTED CIRCUITS; CASINGS OR CONSTRUCTIONAL DETAILS OF ELECTRIC APPARATUS; MANUFACTURE OF ASSEMBLAGES OF ELECTRICAL COMPONENTS - F25D: REFRIGERATORS; COLD ROOMS; ICE-BOXES; COOLING OR FREEZING APPARATUS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR (refrigerated showcases A47F3/04; thermally-insulated vessels for domestic use A47J41/00; refrigerated vehicles, see the appropriate subclasses of classes B60 - B64; containers with thermal insulation in general B65D81/38; heat-transfer, heat-exchange or heat-storage materials, e.g. refrigerants, or materials for the production of heat or cold by chemical reactions other than by combustion C09K5/00; thermally-insulated vessels for liquefied or solidified gases F17C; air-conditioning or air-humidification F24F; refrigeration machines, plants, or systems F25B; cooling of instruments or comparable apparatus without refrigeration G12B) ## Abstract Systems and methods for cooling a datacenter are disclosed. In at least one embodiment, an in-row cooling unit is located within a row of racks and between racks so that it can use an interchangeable heat exchanger (IHE) to receive a primary coolant and can use one or more flow controllers to provide a first part of the primary coolant to cool a secondary coolant that is to be distributed to at least one cold plate, and to provide a second part of the primary coolant to cool air to be circulated through at least one server tray or rack. ## Claims ### Claim 1 A datacenter cooling system, comprising: an in-row cooling unit located between racks within a row of racks, the in-row cooling unit comprising one or more flow controllers and an interchangeable heat exchanger (IHE) fluidly coupled to one or more cold plates within one or more servers of the racks, the IHE to receive a primary coolant, the one or more flow controllers to provide a first part of the primary coolant to cool a secondary coolant that is to be distributed to the one or more cold plates and to provide a second part of the primary coolant to cool air to be circulated through at least one of the racks. ### Claim 2 (depends on 1) The datacenter cooling system of claim 1, further comprising: one or more processors to determine one or more temperatures associated with one or more server components, the one or more cold plates, or the secondary coolant, and to cause, based at least in part on the one or more temperatures, the one or more flow controllers to provide one of or a combination of the first part of the primary coolant and the second part of the primary coolant. ### Claim 3 (depends on 1) The datacenter cooling system of claim 1, wherein: the one or more flow controllers are further to provide the second part of the primary coolant continuously and to provide the first part of the primary coolant intermittently, the first part of the primary coolant to be provided only when a cooling requirement associated with the one or more cold plates is indicated. ### Claim 4 (depends on 1) The datacenter cooling system of claim 1, further comprising: a first section of the in-row cooling unit to enable a liquid-to-liquid heat transfer within the IHE and a second section of the in-row cooling unit to support air-to-liquid heat transfer within the IHE. ### Claim 5 (depends on 1) The datacenter cooling system of claim 1, further comprising: one or more processors to receive one or more sensor inputs from one or more sensors associated with one or more server components, the secondary coolant, or the one or more cold plates, the one or more processors to determine a change in a coolant state based in part on the one or more sensor inputs and to cause the one or more flow controllers to change a flow of the first part of the primary coolant to enable the air to be circulated through the at least one of the racks, or to enable different flow rates of the first part of the primary coolant to cool the secondary coolant. ### Claim 6 (depends on 5) The datacenter cooling system of claim 5, wherein the one or more processors are further to: use one or more neural networks to infer the change in the coolant state. ### Claim 7 (depends on 1) The datacenter cooling system of claim 1, further comprising: one or more processors to determine that a first temperature of air from a hot aisle relative to a second temperature of cold air from a cold aisle air is within a threshold that is addressable by the second part of the primary coolant, and the one or more processors to cause the one or more flow controllers to provide a change a flow rate of the second part of the primary coolant to cool the air to be circulated through the at least one of the racks. ### Claim 8 (depends on 1) The datacenter cooling system of claim 1, further comprising: one or more processors to determine that a first temperature of the air from a hot aisle relative to a second temperature of cold air from a cold aisle air is outside a threshold that is addressable by the second part of the primary coolant, and the one or more processors to cause the one or more flow controllers to provide a change a flow rate of the first part of the primary coolant to cool the secondary coolant that is to be distributed to the one or more cold plates. ### Claim 9 (depends on 1) The datacenter cooling system of claim 1, wherein: the one or more cold plates further comprise one or more fins to enable indirect cooling for one or more server components or a heat sink having the fins for direct cooling for the one or more server components, the indirect cooling or the direct cooling by the air circulated through the at least one of the racks comprising the one or more cold plates. ### Claim 10 (depends on 1) The datacenter cooling system of claim 1, further comprising: a primary cooling row manifold extending through the row of racks to reach the in-row cooling unit, and a secondary cooling row manifold extending from the in-row cooling unit to the at least one of the racks. ### Claim 11 A processor comprising one or more circuits, the one or more circuits to cause an in-row cooling unit that is located between racks within a row of racks and that comprises an interchangeable heat exchanger (IHE), fluidly coupled to one or more cold plates within one or more servers of the racks, to receive a primary coolant, the one or more circuits further to cause one or more flow controllers of the in-row cooling unit to provide a first part of the primary coolant to cool a secondary coolant and to provide a second part of the primary coolant to cool air to be circulated through at least one of the racks. ### Claim 12 (depends on 11) The processor of claim 11, wherein the one or more circuits are further to: determine one or more cooling requirements from one or more sensor inputs associated with one or more sensors; and cause the one or more flow controllers to enable flow of the second part of the primary coolant to occur continuously; and cause the one or more flow controllers to enable flow of the first part of the primary coolant to occur intermittently, the first part of the primary coolant to be provided only when one of the cooling requirements that is associated with the one or more cold plates is indicated. ### Claim 13 (depends on 11) The processor of claim 11, wherein the one or more circuits are further to: receive one or more sensor inputs from one or more sensors associated with one or more server components, the secondary coolant, or the one or more cold plates; determine a change in a coolant state based in part on the sensor inputs; and cause the one or more flow controllers to change a flow of the first part of the primary coolant to enable the air to be circulated through the at least one of the racks, or to enable different flow rates of the first part of the primary coolant to cool the secondary coolant. ### Claim 14 (depends on 13) The processor of claim 13, wherein the one or more circuits are further to: determine the change in the coolant state by using one or more neural networks to infer the change in the coolant state based in part on the sensor inputs. ### Claim 15 (depends on 11) The processor of claim 11, wherein the one or more circuits are further to: determine a temperature associated with one or more server components, the one or more cold plates, or the secondary coolant; and cause the one or more flow controllers to provide one of or a combination of the first part of the primary coolant and the second part of the primary coolant. ### Claim 16 A method comprising: determining cooling requirements for one or more server components of a row of racks, wherein an in-row cooling unit is located between racks within the row of racks, the in-row cooling unit comprising one or more flow controllers and an interchangeable heat exchanger (IHE) fluidly coupled to one or more cold plates within one or more servers of the racks; and enabling the IRE to receive a primary coolant and to use the one or more flow controllers to provide a first part of the primary coolant to cool a secondary coolant that is to be distributed to the one or more cold plates, and to provide a second part of the primary coolant to cool air to be circulated through at least one of the racks. ### Claim 17 (depends on 16) The method of claim 16, further comprising: determining one or more temperatures associated with the one or more server components; determining a first cooling requirement or a second cooling requirement using the one or more temperatures; and causing, based at least in part on the first cooling requirement or the second cooling requirement, the first part of the primary coolant to cool the secondary coolant and the second part of the primary coolant to cool the air to be circulated through the at least of the racks. ### Claim 18 (depends on 16) The method of claim 16, further comprising: receiving one or more sensor inputs from one or more sensors associated with the one or more server components, the secondary coolant, or the one or more cold plates; determining a change in a coolant state based at least in part on the one or more sensor inputs; and causing, using the one or more flow controllers, a change to a flow of the first part of the primary coolant to enable the air to be circulated through the at least one of the racks or to enable different flow rates of the first part of the primary coolant to cool the secondary coolant. ### Claim 19 (depends on 16) The method of claim 16, further comprising: enabling a primary cooling row manifold to extend through the row of racks to reach the in-row cooling unit; and enabling a secondary cooling row manifold to extend from the in-row cooling unit to one or more of the racks. ### Claim 20 (depends on 16) The method of claim 16, further comprising: enabling, using the one or more cold plates having one or more fins, indirect cooling for the one or more server components using the air; or enabling a heat sink having the one or more fins for direct cooling of the one or more server components, the indirect cooling or the direct cooling by the air circulated through the at least one of the racks.